In essence, the type of parochial political culture, subjects and participants can be seen as a natural evolution in the growth of a behavioral approach in the analysis of the existing political system in a country.
This is due to being an attempt to apply aggregate problems or systemic analysis to the types of insights and knowledge developed.
Initially by studying the political behavior of individuals and small groups. More specifically, the concept of political culture was developed in response to the need to bridge the growing social divide in a behavioral approach between the micro level of analysis, based on psychological interpretations of individual political behavior, and the macro level of analysis, based on variables common to understanding the meaning of political sociology.
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Political Culture
In political science, the definition of political culture can be interpreted as a set of shared views and normative judgments held by society regarding their political system.
The notion of political culture refers not to attitudes toward a particular actor, such as the president or prime minister, but rather to indicate how people view the political system as a whole and their beliefs in the legitimacy it exercises.
The purpose of this legitimacy is none other than to provide social order in society so that people will actively follow the development of the country, especially the development issues being carried out.
Types of Political Culture
There are various types of political culture that develop in a country. This includes Indonesia, which in fact is included in the characteristics of a developing country. The types of political culture, among others, are as follows;
1. Parochial Political Culture
The definition of parochial political culture is a culture where the level of political participation of the people is still very low. This type is often found in traditional societies which are still very simple.
Even in Moctar Masoed and Colin Mc. Andrew argues that a parochial political culture occurs because people do not know or are not aware of the existence of a government and the political system that is being implemented.
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This rule gives the meaning that in a parochial political culture the community can only accept policies without being able to take part in the development being carried out.
The characteristics of parochial political culture are as follows:
- The scope is small and narrow.
- The people are apathetic.
- Public knowledge about politics is still very low.
- People tend to ignore and withdraw from the political sphere.
- The people are very rarely confronted with the political system.
- Low public awareness about the existence of a center of authority and power in a country.
An example in this parochial political culture in Indonesia, for example, is in the Baduy Tribe (Banten Province), which used to be the area of Heavy Java.
In the Baduy community, parochial politics still applies, where people are apathetic with presidential elections or the election of legitative institutions that are being carried out.
2. Political Culture Subject/Subject
Subject/subject political culture is a formation of cultural elements where people tend to be more advanced in the economic and social fields.
Even though in this political culture the people are still relatively passive, they already understand the existence of a political system and obey laws and government officials.
The characteristics of political subjects/subjects are as follows:
- There is full awareness of the people towards government authority.
- The people are still passive towards politics.
- Several residents provided input and requests to the government, but were willing to accept government regulations.
- The people are willing to accept decisions that cannot be corrected or challenged.
- The people are aware of and pay attention to the general and specific political systems in output objects, but awareness of inputs and as political actors is still quite low.
Examples that fall under this type of subject or subject political culture are for example North Korea, which adheres to a communist government system.
In running his government he gave full awareness of the importance of development to the community but all of that did not affect the subject policies carried out by the government.
If in Indonesia the application in the case of subject or subject political culture applies when the masses of guided democracy or the masses of the New Order.
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In this era, people are aware of the importance of politics but are fully controlled strictly by the central government.
3. Participant Political Culture
Participant political culture is a culture in which the people already have a high awareness of a political system, political process structure, and administration.
The political characteristics are as follows:
- There is awareness among the people about their rights and responsibilities towards political life.
- Society does not immediately accept the situation, but gives a conscious assessment of political objects.
- Political life in the midst of society acts as a means of transaction.
- The people already have high awareness as active citizens and play a role in politics.
Examples of application in participant political culture are very easy to find in everyday life. For example, when in politics in Indonesia at this time, the public can really make a contribution or input to the government.
Even at this time the community can choose their leaders selectively who are considered capable of representing what is their will or desire.
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For everyday life, which is included in the political culture of this participant, among others;
- Election of student council president at school
- BEM President Election on Campus
- Election of Head of RT in the community
- The process of electing the head of the RW in the community
So, that was the article that provided an explanation regarding the types of parochial political culture , subjects/subjects, participants, accompanied by characteristics and examples in society in general. Hopefully this article will provide insight and provide in-depth education for all readers.