Mudabicara.com_ The word government is now familiar to all of us. Almost every media, both electronic and online media, provides information about the government, including the political process and its policies.
But not everyone understands what government and government are. Well, this time we want to discuss the meaning of the government system, its types and examples. For more, read our review below:
Understanding the Government System
Etymologically government in English is called government. The word government comes from Latin; gobernare, greek kybernan meaning to steer.
Meanwhile, in terminology, the government system is the structural arrangement of a country by involving the relationship between the people and the state. In other words, a government structure based on relations at the regional level of a country to the central level.
The need for government stems from the fact that humans need to live in community and personal autonomy to continue to function properly. A country that has a very large area and complexity will usually have levels of government, local, regional and national.
Understanding the Government System According to Experts
David Apter
David Apter assesses that government systems tend to have a practical monopoly on power with a coercive nature. He argues that the system of government is a responsibility and role of all members to maintain everything related to the state and government.
Ismail Sunny
Ismail Sunny believes that the government system is a system that describes the relationship between the highest state apparatus in a country.
Hamid S Attamimi
The government system is a system of government work carried out by the president with all high state institutions.
I Gedhe Pantja Astawa
The system of government is the relationship of authority, power and function between two or more state organs and government on a reciprocal basis.
More specifically the relationship between the legislature and the executive, the executive with the judiciary and the legislature with the judiciary.
Ernst Utrecht
The government system is a system that regulates the relationship between state institutions, including the executive, legislative and judiciary.
WS Sayre
The government system is one that will create a pattern of mutual supervision and interrelation between state institutions. State institutions certainly have their respective roles and functions so that they are mutually bound to one another.
Haryanto
The government system is a system that divides the duties of state institutions functionally in order to have different functions and authorities.
Austin Ranney
The government system is a system that regulates the process of government activities in making and enforcing laws in a country.
Types of Government Systems
1. Depotism Government System
The depotism government system is a system of government led by only one leader and all the people are considered as servants.
In this depotism system, it has unlimited power so that it is arbitrary and oppressive. The political power of the ruler tends to be absolute, tyrannical and dictatorial. Some countries that have used the depotism system of Germany, China and the Soviet Union before becoming Russia.
2. Monarchy Government System
Monarchy system is a government led by people who have been passed down from generation to generation. Monarchy comes from the Greek monos meaning one and archein meaning government .
Monarchy is a type of government system in which the king is the head of state. Monarchy or royal government system is the oldest system in the world.
At the beginning of the 19th century there were more than 900 thrones in the world but this decreased to 240 in the 20th century. Whereas in the eighth decade of the 20th century only 40 thrones remained.
Several countries that have adopted a monarchy system include the United Kingdom, the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia, the Kingdom of Kuwait, the Kingdom of Liechtenstein, the Kingdom of Qatar, the Kingdom of the United Arab Emirates (UAE), the Kingdom of the Netherlands and the Kingdom of Swaziland.
3. Dictator Government System
Dictatorship system of government is a system of government in which the leader has complete power over the country. One of the characteristics of dictatorial leaders is that they are imposing and oppressive. In this system the process of gaining dictatorial leadership usually stems from a rebellion or a coup.
Some countries that use a dictatorial government system include Germany, the Soviet Union, Cambodia, Uganda, Spain, Iraq and the United Kingdom.
4. Oligarchy Government System
Etymologically Oligarchy comes from the Greek Oligarkhía . Oligon which means little and arkho which means rule.
Meanwhile, in terminology, oligarchy is a system of government in which the leadership of the government comes from a small group of people. Oligarchy can be formed either because of the military, economic wealth, family, education and religion.
Usually this oligarchic system grows because these groups have the same interests. History records that the oligarchic government system tends to be dictatorial and tyrannical.
In addition to their power, the oligarchs have the power to run the government arbitrarily and at will. Not infrequently they oppress society for the sake of development and progress.
Some countries that have used an oligarchic government system include Liberia under the Americo-Liberians, South Africa under apartheid, the Sultanate of Zanzibar, and Rhodesia.
5. Plutocratic Government System
Plutocracy comes from the Greek ploutos which means wealth and kratos which means power. A plutocracy system can mean a system of government based on class and wealth.
In Merriam-Webster explains plutocracy is a system of government controlled by the rich. If in the Big Indonesian Dictionary (KBBI) plutocracy is a government system controlled by a group of capitalists or investors.
Power in a plutocratic system can be determined based on the amount of wealth they have. This means that the plutocracy system is very closely related to money.
Some of the ancient countries that used the plutocracy system were Florence, Genoa and Ancient Greece
6. Democratic Government System
The word democracy comes from the Greek “demos” which means people and “Kratos” which means government. A democratic government system is a system of government in which the people hold power.
Democracy has the ideal that the form and mechanism of the government system must involve the community. This means that democracy as a system of government allows and gives rights, freedom to its citizens to express opinions and participate in decision-making in government.
There are three principles of power sharing in democracy or better known as the trias politica, namely the Executive, Legislative and Judiciary. The division of functions and duties aims to maintain the independence of fellow state institutions.
Democracy can be direct (Direct Democracy) or through representatives (representative democracy). Some countries that adhere to democracy include the United States, Indonesia, Norway, Iceland, Denmark, Sweden, New Zealand, Australia, Switzerland and Canada.
7. Theocratic Government System
Theocratic government system is a government system whose leaders are religious elites. The word theocracy comes from the Greek . means “god” and means “rule”.
Theocracy is a system of government by the representative of God. some areas that still hold a theocratic system of government are the Vatican, Tibet, Iran and other Islamic countries.
Although in Islamic countries it is not fully theocratic, but choosing a leader based on religious background is still strong.
8. Anarchic Government System
Anarchy is a system of government that is weak. In an anarchic government system, a state institution cannot control its people.
This system can run because of the absence of law and law enforcement officials in the government so that chaos occurs . The Indonesian Language Dictionary (KBBI) defines anarchism as the absence of government, laws, regulations, and order.
So many young reviews talk this time about the understanding of the government system, types and examples, hopefully it can help all young friends in learning. Happy reading!