{"id":1229,"date":"2023-07-09T06:23:39","date_gmt":"2023-07-09T06:23:39","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/mudabicara.com\/en\/?p=1229"},"modified":"2023-07-09T06:23:39","modified_gmt":"2023-07-09T06:23:39","slug":"what-is-monetary-policy-definition-type-purpose-and-instruments","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/mudabicara.com\/en\/what-is-monetary-policy-definition-type-purpose-and-instruments\/","title":{"rendered":"What is Monetary Policy? Definition, Type, Purpose and Instruments"},"content":{"rendered":"<header class=\"entry-header\">\n<p class=\"entry-title\"><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\"><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\">Definition of Monetary Policy<\/span><\/span><span style=\"font-size: 16px; vertical-align: inherit;\"><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\"> \u00a0&#8211; Monetary policy is a policy in an effort to control the country&#8217;s economy on a macro basis to achieve a better economy by regulating the amount of money in circulation.<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p class=\"entry-title\"><span style=\"font-size: 16px; vertical-align: inherit;\"> <span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\">A good economy itself can be seen from price stability through a controlled inflation rate, Grameds. <\/span><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\">Check out the details below, Grameds.<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<\/header>\n<div class=\"entry-content\">\n<h2><span id=\"Pengertian_Kebijakan_Moneter\" class=\"ez-toc-section\"><\/span><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\"><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\">Definition of Monetary Policy<\/span><\/span><\/h2>\n<p><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\"><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\">Monetary policy is the process of regulating a country&#8217;s money supply to achieve certain goals, for example controlling inflation, achieving full employment or more prosperity.<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<pre><span style=\"color: #ff0000;\"><strong>Read Also :\u00a0<\/strong><\/span><span style=\"color: #ff0000;\"><strong><a style=\"color: #ff0000;\" title=\"Permalink to: What is the Big Four? Companies Targeted by Bachelor of Accounting\" href=\"https:\/\/mudabicara.com\/en\/what-is-the-big-four-companies-targeted-by-bachelor-of-accounting\/\" rel=\"bookmark\">What is the Big Four? Companies Targeted by Bachelor of Accounting<\/a><\/strong><\/span><\/pre>\n<p><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\"><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\">Monetary policy can involve setting loan interest standards, &#8221; <\/span><\/span><i><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\"><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\">margin requirements<\/span><\/span><\/i><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\"><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\"> &#8220;, capitalization for banks or even acting as last resort borrowers or through negotiated agreements with other governments.<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\"><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\">Beside that, Monetary policy is basically a policy aimed at achieving internal balance (high economic growth, price stability, equitable development) and external balance (balance of payments) and achieving macroeconomic goals, namely maintaining economic stability as measured by employment opportunities, stability prices and a balanced international balance of payments.<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\"><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\">If stability in economic activity is disrupted, then monetary policy can be used to recover (stabilization measures). <\/span><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\">The influence of monetary policy will first be felt by the banking sector, which will then be transferred to the real sector. <\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\"><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\">Monetary policy is an effort to achieve high levels of economic growth in a sustainable manner while maintaining price stability.<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\"><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\">To achieve this goal, the Central Bank or the Monetary Authority seeks to regulate the balance between the supply of money and the supply of goods so that inflation can be controlled, achieving full employment and smooth supply or distribution of goods. <\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\"><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\">Monetary policy is carried out, among others, with one but not limited to the following instruments, namely interest rates, minimum reserve requirements, intervention in the foreign exchange market and as the last place for banks to borrow money when experiencing liquidity difficulties.<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\"><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\">Understand other popular terms such as economics, monetary, finance, and banking through the Dictionary of Popular Terms: Economics, Monetary, Finance, Banking which is below.<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<h2><span id=\"Pengertian_Kebijakan_Moneter_Menurut_Pendapat_Para_Ahli\" class=\"ez-toc-section\"><\/span><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\"><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\">Definition of Monetary Policy According to Expert Opinions<\/span><\/span><\/h2>\n<p><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\"><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\">The following is the definition of monetary policy according to experts including:<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><strong><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\"><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\">Muana Nanga<\/span><\/span><\/strong><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\"><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\"> \u00a0: The definition of monetary policy is a policy carried out by the monetary authority by controlling the money supply and interest rates to influence the level of aggregate demand and reduce economic instability.<\/span><\/span><\/li>\n<li><strong><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\"><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\">Boediono Monetary<\/span><\/span><\/strong><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\"><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\"> \u00a0: What is meant by monetary policy is the action of the government through the Central Bank to influence the macro situation which is carried out by balancing the money supply with the supply of goods so that inflation can be controlled, achieving full employment opportunities and smooth supply or distribution of goods.<\/span><\/span><\/li>\n<li><strong><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\"><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\">M. Natsir<\/span><\/span><\/strong><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\"><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\"> \u00a0: What is meant by monetary policy is any action or effort by the central bank to influence the development of monetary variables (money supply, exchange rates, interest rates, and credit interest rates) to achieve the desired goals.<\/span><\/span><\/li>\n<li><strong><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\"><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\">Perry Warjiyo<\/span><\/span><\/strong><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\"><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\"> \u00a0: Monetary policy is the policy of the monetary authority or central bank in the form of monetary aggregates to achieve the development of economic activity which is carried out by taking into account the cycle of economic activity, the nature of a country&#8217;s economy and other fundamental economic factors.<\/span><\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<pre><span style=\"color: #ff0000;\"><strong>Read Also :\u00a0<\/strong><\/span><span style=\"color: #ff0000;\"><strong><a style=\"color: #ff0000;\" title=\"Permalink to: What is Human Resource Development? Definition, Duties, Functions And Report Methods\" href=\"https:\/\/mudabicara.com\/en\/what-is-human-resource-development-definition-duties-functions-and-report-methods\/\" rel=\"bookmark\">What is Human Resource Development? Definition, Duties, Functions And Report Methods<\/a><\/strong><\/span><\/pre>\n<h2><span id=\"Jenis-jenis_Kebijakan_Moneter\" class=\"ez-toc-section\"><\/span><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\"><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\">Types of Monetary Policy<\/span><\/span><\/h2>\n<p><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\"><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\">Two types of monetary policies can be taken as steps to influence the money supply. <\/span><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\">These policies are expansionary monetary policy and contractionary monetary policy, as follows:<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<h3><span id=\"1_Kebijakan_Moneter_Ekspansif\" class=\"ez-toc-section\"><\/span><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\"><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\">1. Expansive Monetary Policy<\/span><\/span><\/h3>\n<p><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\"><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\">Expansionary Monetary Policy is often called Loose money policy (easy money policy) is a policy that regulates the amount of money supplied in the economy. <\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\"><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\">This is done by lowering interest rates, buying government securities by the central bank, and lowering reserve requirements for banks. <\/span><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\">Expansionary policies will also reduce the unemployment rate and stimulate business activity or consumer spending activities.<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\"><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\">Overall, in all countries, the objective of expansionary monetary policy is to increase economic growth with the risk that inflation will be even higher. <\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\"><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\">Expansive monetary policy mainly increases the money circulating in society so that the wheels of the economy run faster. <\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\"><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\">This policy is able to increase people&#8217;s purchasing power (demand) and reduce the number of unemployed when the economy is experiencing a recession or depression. <\/span><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\">Expansionary monetary policy also affects the unemployment rate in a country.<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\"><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\">For example, expansionary policies are usually implemented to reduce the unemployment rate because the availability of large amounts of money will stimulate business activity so that the labor market gets bigger. <\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\"><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\">With fiscal authority, the central bank controls the exchange rate of the domestic currency (Rupiah) against foreign currencies. <\/span><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\">A concrete example is that the Indonesian bank increases the money supply by issuing more printed money. <\/span><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\">Rupiah currency becomes cheaper than other countries&#8217; currencies.<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<h3><span id=\"2_Kebijakan_Moneter_Kontraktif\" class=\"ez-toc-section\"><\/span><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\"><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\">2. Contractive Monetary Policy<\/span><\/span><\/h3>\n<p><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\"><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\">Contractive Monetary Policy is a policy in order to reduce the amount of money in circulation. <\/span><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\">This policy was carried out when the economy experienced inflation. <\/span><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\">Also known as a tight money policy (tight money policy). <\/span><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\">Contractive monetary policy (monetary contractive policy) which is called tight money policy (tight money policy) is a policy of reducing the amount of money in circulation.<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\"><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\">The main objective of this policy is to reduce the inflation rate. <\/span><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\">The goal of contractionary monetary policy is to reduce the money supply in the economy. <\/span><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\">This goal can be achieved by increasing interest rates, selling government bonds, and increasing reserve requirements for banks.<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\"><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\">Examples of Monetary Policy in Indonesia Some examples of monetary policy that have been implemented in Indonesia are as follows: Bank Indonesia (BI) conducts certificate auctions, or it could also be through purchasing securities in the capital market. <\/span><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\">UBI may lower interest rates if economic conditions match expectations. <\/span><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\">Conversely, BI can raise interest rates if it wants to limit economic activity so that the flow of money decreases.<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\"><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\">When the economy experiences a recession, the circulation of money will increase so that economic activity increases. <\/span><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\">An example is buying securities. When there is inflation, BI will reduce the flow of money to the public by selling securities to reduce excessive economic activity.<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\"><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\">Prof. <\/span><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\">Dr. <\/span><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\">Ali Wardhana as Governor of the World Bank and International Monetary Fund expressed how hard it was for him to escape from the pressure of developed countries&#8217; policy formulations in the global economic crisis discussed in Prof.&#8217;s book. <\/span><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\">Dr. <\/span><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\">Ali Wardhana: Monetary and Fiscal Policy Reformer in Indonesia.<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<pre><span style=\"color: #ff0000;\"><strong>Read Also :\u00a0<a style=\"color: #ff0000;\" title=\"Permalink to: What is Islamic Economic System? Definition, Strengths and Principles\" href=\"https:\/\/mudabicara.com\/en\/what-is-islamic-economic-system-definition-strengths-and-principles\/\" rel=\"bookmark\">What is Islamic Economic System? Definition, Strengths and Principles<\/a><\/strong><\/span><\/pre>\n<h2><span id=\"Tujuan_Kebijakan_Moneter\" class=\"ez-toc-section\"><\/span><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\"><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\">Monetary Policy Objectives<\/span><\/span><\/h2>\n<p><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\"><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\">Bank Indonesia has the goal of achieving and maintaining stability in the value of the rupiah. <\/span><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\">This objective as stated in Law no. <\/span><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\">3 of 2004 article 7 concerning Bank Indonesia. <\/span><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\">What is meant by stability in the value of the rupiah includes stability in the prices of goods and services as reflected in inflation.<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\"><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\">To achieve this goal, since 2005 Bank Indonesia has implemented a monetary policy framework with inflation as the main target of monetary policy <\/span><\/span><em><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\"><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\">\u00a0(Inflation Targeting Framework)<\/span><\/span><\/em><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\"><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\"> \u00a0and adheres to a free floating exchange rate system.<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\"><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\">The role of exchange rate stability is very important in achieving price and financial system stability. <\/span><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\">Therefore, Bank Indonesia also implements an exchange rate policy to reduce excessive exchange rate volatility, not to direct the exchange rate at a certain level.<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\"><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\">In practice, Bank Indonesia has the authority to conduct monetary policy by setting monetary targets (such as money supply or interest rates) with the aim of maintaining the inflation rate target set by the Government. <\/span><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\">Bank Indonesia can also implement monetary control methods based on Sharia Principles. <\/span><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\">In summary, the objectives of monetary policy include.<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<h3><span id=\"1_Stabilitas_Ekonomi\" class=\"ez-toc-section\"><\/span><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\"><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\">1. Economic Stability<\/span><\/span><\/h3>\n<p><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\"><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\">Economic stability is a condition in which economic growth takes place in a controlled and sustainable manner. <\/span><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\">That is, the growth of the flow of goods\/services and the flow of money is running in balance.<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<h3>2. Job Opportunities<\/h3>\n<p><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\"><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\">Job opportunities will increase if production increases. <\/span><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\">An increase in production is usually followed by an improvement in the fate of the employees in terms of wages and work safety. <\/span><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\">Improvements in wages and work safety will increase the standard of living of employees and ultimately prosperity can be achieved.<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<h3><span id=\"3_Kestabilan_Harga\" class=\"ez-toc-section\"><\/span><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\"><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\">3. Price Stability<\/span><\/span><\/h3>\n<p><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\"><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\">Price stability is characterized by the stability of prices of goods from time to time. <\/span><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\">Stable prices cause people to believe that buying goods at the current price level is the same as future price levels, or the purchasing power of money from time to time is the same.<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<h3><span id=\"4_Neraca_Pembayaran_Internasional\" class=\"ez-toc-section\"><\/span><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\"><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\">4. International Balance of Payments<\/span><\/span><\/h3>\n<p><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\"><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\">The balance of payments can be said to be in a balanced state if the total value of goods exported equals the value of goods imported. <\/span><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\">To get a balanced balance of payments, the government often implements monetary policy. <\/span><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\">An example is by devaluing.<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<h3><span id=\"5_Menjaga_stabilitas_dan_pertumbuhan_ekonomi\" class=\"ez-toc-section\"><\/span><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\"><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\">5. Maintain stability and economic growth<\/span><\/span><\/h3>\n<p><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\"><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\">Maintaining price stability from the large amount of money in circulation, Increasing employment opportunities, Improving the position of the trade balance and balance of payments, if the country devalues \u200b\u200bthe rupiah into foreign currencies.<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<pre><span style=\"color: #ff0000;\"><strong><a style=\"color: #ff0000;\" href=\"https:\/\/mudabicara.com\/en\/what-is-sap-definition-and-application\/\">Read Also : What is System Application and Product (SAP) ? Definition and Application<\/a><\/strong><\/span><\/pre>\n<h2><span id=\"Instrumen_Kebijakan_Moneter\" class=\"ez-toc-section\"><\/span><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\"><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\">Monetary Policy Instruments<\/span><\/span><\/h2>\n<p><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\"><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\">Monetary policy is an economic policy that regulates the rate of growth and circulation of money within a country. <\/span><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\">The main macroeconomic variables that are regulated by monetary policy are inflation and unemployment.<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\"><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\">The ways that characterize monetary policy are the regulation of interest rates, buying and selling of government securities, and changing the amount of cash circulating in the market. <\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\"><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\">The central bank or state financial regulatory agency such as the Ministry of Finance is responsible for the formulation of monetary policy. <\/span><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\">The main objectives of this policy are inflation management, unemployment management, and maintenance of currency exchange rates.<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\"><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\">Monetary policy can set targets regarding inflation rates, interest rates, and currency values. <\/span><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\">The Central Bank is the main actor in implementing monetary policy directly and indirectly. <\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\"><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\">Examples of direct monetary policy are printing new money, freezing balances of private\/state companies, overhauling the banking system, taking over banking\/credit affairs, and many more.<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\"><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\">The central bank participates in money circulation and banking credit traffic. <\/span><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\">Meanwhile, an example of indirect monetary policy is giving influence to the provision of credit by the banking world.<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\"> <span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\">The regulation of money supply in society is carried out by increasing or decreasing the amount of money in circulation.<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\"><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\">Learn about monetary policy including economic activity cycles, policy targets, to case studies in Indonesia through the book Fiscal &amp; Monetary Policy: Theory &amp; Empirical.<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\"><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\">Monetary policy can be carried out by implementing monetary policy instruments, the aim of which is to regulate the amount of money in circulation in order to maintain price stability, both direct and indirect instruments. <\/span><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\">Some of the main instruments, including:<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<h3><span id=\"1_Fasilitas_Diskonto_Discount_Rate\" class=\"ez-toc-section\"><\/span><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\"><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\">1. Discount Facility\u00a0 <\/span><\/span><em><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\"><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\">(Discount Rate)<\/span><\/span><\/em><\/h3>\n<p><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\"><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\">The Discount Facility is the interest rate set by the government on commercial banks that borrow money from the central bank. <\/span><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\">When commercial banks experience conditions that require them to borrow money from the central bank, the government can use this opportunity to regulate the amount of money in circulation.<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\"><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\">If the government wants to increase the amount of money in circulation, then the government will lower the loan interest rate or discount. <\/span><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\">When loan interest rates decrease to become cheaper, commercial banks will be more interested in borrowing money from the central bank.<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\"><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\">Conversely, when the government wants to reduce the amount of money in circulation, the government will raise interest rates. <\/span><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\">The increase in interest rates will reduce the intention of commercial banks to make loans at the central bank so that the government can reduce the rate of increase in the money supply.<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<h3><span id=\"2_Operasi_Pasar_Terbuka\" class=\"ez-toc-section\"><\/span><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\"><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\">2. Open Market Operations<\/span><\/span><\/h3>\n<p><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\"><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\">Open Market Operations (OMO) are one of the most important indirect monetary policy instruments because of their very flexible nature compared to other instruments. <\/span><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\">OPT is carried out by the government to control the amount of money in circulation by selling\u00a0 <\/span><\/span><em><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\"><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\">(open market selling)<\/span><\/span><\/em><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\"><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\"> \u00a0or buying\u00a0 <\/span><\/span><em><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\"><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\">(open market buying)<\/span><\/span><\/em><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\"><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\"> \u00a0government-owned securities.<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p><strong><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\"><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\">a. <\/span><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\">Open Market Selling<\/span><\/span><\/strong><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\"><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\"> \u00a0is done when the government wants to reduce the amount of money in circulation by selling securities in circulation. <\/span><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\">When the government sells these letters to the public, the money used by the public to buy these letters will go to the monetary authority. <\/span><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\">Finally, the money circulating in society is getting less.<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p><strong><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\"><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\">b. <\/span><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\">Open Market Buying<\/span><\/span><\/strong><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\"><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\"> \u00a0is done when the government wants to increase the amount of money in circulation by buying securities in circulation. <\/span><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\">When the government buys securities from the public, the money circulating in the community will increase.<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<div id=\"grame-660798652\" class=\"grame-amp-8\">\n<div>In Indonesia, monetary policy in the form of OMOs is carried out by selling or buying securities consisting of Bank Indonesia Certificates (SBI, Money Market Securities (SBPU) and Government Securities (SBN) which are divided into Government Securities (SUN) consisting of from State Treasury Bills (SPN) and State Bonds including Zero Coupon Bonds (ZCB) and Retail State Bonds (ORI), State Sharia Securities (SBSN) including Retail SBSN.<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<p><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\"><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\">When the government wants to reduce the amount of money in circulation, the government will sell various securities, conversely, when the government wants to increase the amount of money in circulation, the government will buy back various securities that have been sold previously.<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<h3><span id=\"3_Rasio_Cadangan_Wajib_Reserve_Requirement_Ratio\" class=\"ez-toc-section\"><\/span><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\"><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\">3. Reserve\u00a0 <\/span><\/span><em><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\"><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\">Requirement Ratio<\/span><\/span><\/em><\/h3>\n<p><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\"><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\">When the minimum required reserve is reduced, the bank has more money that can be circulated in society through loans. <\/span><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\">Conversely, if the government wants to reduce the amount of money in circulation, then the government can increase the minimum amount of mandatory bank reserves so that banks have less money to circulate.<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\"><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\">When the minimum required reserve is reduced, the bank has more money that can be circulated in society through loans. <\/span><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\">Conversely, if the government wants to reduce the amount of money in circulation, then the government can increase the minimum amount of bank mandatory reserves so that banks have less money to circulate.<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<h3><span id=\"4_Imbauan_Moral_Moral_Persuasion\" class=\"ez-toc-section\"><\/span><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\"><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\">4. Moral Appeal\u00a0 <\/span><\/span><em><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\"><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\">(Moral Persuasion)<\/span><\/span><\/em><\/h3>\n<p><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\"><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\">Monetary policy instruments in the form of moral appeals can be carried out by the central bank to control the amount of money in circulation through various means. <\/span><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\">The central bank can urge commercial banks to lower or increase their lending rates.<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\"><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\">The central bank can also provide advice to these banks to be careful in providing credit to the public or to limit their desire to borrow money from the central bank through the Discount Facility. <\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<\/div>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Definition of Monetary Policy \u00a0&#8211; Monetary policy is a policy in an <a class=\"read-more\" href=\"https:\/\/mudabicara.com\/en\/what-is-monetary-policy-definition-type-purpose-and-instruments\/\" title=\"What is Monetary Policy? 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