{"id":1819,"date":"2023-09-28T19:32:42","date_gmt":"2023-09-28T19:32:42","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/mudabicara.com\/en\/?p=1819"},"modified":"2023-09-28T19:32:42","modified_gmt":"2023-09-28T19:32:42","slug":"this-is-the-biography-of-sultan-hasanuddin-family-background-and-history-of-his-struggle","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/mudabicara.com\/en\/this-is-the-biography-of-sultan-hasanuddin-family-background-and-history-of-his-struggle\/","title":{"rendered":"This is the biography of Sultan Hasanuddin: Family background and history of his struggle"},"content":{"rendered":"

Sultan Hasanuddin is one of the kings from the east who is popular thanks to his tenacity against the Dutch during the colonial period. <\/span>The big struggle that overwhelmed the Dutch was to reject the trade monopoly carried out by the Vereenigde Oostindische Compagnie (VOC).<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

During his leadership, Sultan Hasanuddin also succeeded in thwarting Dutch plans to control the Islamic Kingdom of Gowa. <\/span>Not only that, he even united small kingdoms to unite to fight the invaders.<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

Sultan Hasanudin’s persistence earned him the nickname\u00a0 <\/span><\/span>De Haantjes van Het Osten<\/span><\/span><\/i> \u00a0from the Dutch, which means\u00a0 <\/span><\/span>Rooster from the East.<\/span><\/span><\/i><\/p>\n

The following is a brief biography and history of the struggle of Sultan Hasanuddin.<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

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<\/span>Sultan Hasanuddin’s Family Background<\/span><\/span><\/h2>\n
Based on the list of Gowa kings published in the book\u00a0 <\/span><\/span>Islamization of the Gowa Kingdom from the XVI to the XVII Century\u00a0<\/span><\/span><\/em> written by Ahmad M. Sewang, Sultan Hasanuddin was the 16th King of Gowa, or the 3rd Sultan of Gowa since this kingdom began to embrace Islam.<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n
Hasanuddin was born in Gowa on January 12 1631 with the name Muhammad Bakir I Mallombasi Daeng Mattawang Karaeng Bonto Mangape. <\/span>He was the crown prince of Sultan Malik as-Said or Malikulsaid (1639\u20131653) with I Sabbe To’mo Lakuntu. <\/span>Hasanuddin’s grandfather, Sultan Alauddin (1593\u20131639) was the first King of Gowa to convert to Islam.<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n
His leadership spirit has been prominent since childhood. <\/span>Apart from being known as an intelligent figure, he is also good at trading. <\/span>This is what causes it to have a good trading network as far away as Makassar, even with foreigners.<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n
Little Hasanuddin received religious education at the Bontoala Mosque. <\/span>Since childhood, his father often invited him to attend important meetings in the hope of absorbing knowledge of diplomacy and war strategy. <\/span>Several times he was trusted to be a delegate to send messages to various kingdoms.<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n
When he was 21 years old, Hasanuddin was assigned the position of defense affairs for Gowa. <\/span>There are two historical versions that explain his appointment as king, namely when he was 24 years old or in 1655 and when he was 22 years old or in 1653. Despite the difference in years, Sultan Malikussaid had willed that his kingdom be succeeded by Hasanuddin.<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n
Apart from his father, he received guidance regarding government through the Mangkubumi of the Gowa Sultanate, Karaeng Pattingaloang. <\/span>Sultan Hasanuddin was the teacher of Arung Palakka, one of the Sultans of Bone who would later collaborate with the Dutch to overthrow the Sultanate of Gowa.<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n
As recorded in the book\u00a0 <\/span><\/span>Events of the Historical Years of the South Sulawesi Region from the XIV Century<\/span><\/span><\/em> \u00a0(1985), Sultan Malikusaid died on November 6 1653. Hasanuddin ascended the throne as the new king and immediately brought the kingdom to the peak of glory, including controlling the main trade routes in Eastern archipelago.<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n
However, these golden times began to be threatened when the Dutch under the VOC flag visited southern Sulawesi in the mid-17th century. <\/span>The VOC was tempted to control trade in this very strategic area. <\/span>The Dutch hoped that Sultan Hasanuddin’s policies would be softer than those of his late father.<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n
According to research conducted by Sagimun Mulus Dumadi in the book entitled\u00a0 <\/span><\/span>Sultan Hasanuddin Menentang VOC<\/span><\/span><\/em> \u00a0(1986), Hasanuddin gave permission to three Dutch people to live in Somba Opu, the capital of the Gowa Sultanate at that time.<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n
It turns out that the sultan’s kindness was misused. <\/span>The Dutch people were caught red-handed sending letters to Batavia. <\/span>In the letter it was stated that the VOC was asked to make preparations to launch an attack on the Sultanate of Gowa the following year. <\/span>Obviously, Sultan Hasanuddin was angry and felt he had missed out. <\/span>He then rushed to order the construction of defensive fortifications to anticipate the invasion of Dutch troops which would most likely come soon.<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n
<\/span>The Arung Palakka Polemic in the Makassar War<\/span><\/span><\/h2>\n
In connection with the increasing <\/span><\/span><\/span>pressure from the <\/span><\/span><\/span>Dutch<\/span><\/span><\/span>\u00a0 \u00a0Company\u00a0 , <\/span><\/span>one\u00a0 <\/span><\/span><\/span>night, precisely in February <\/span><\/span><\/span>\u00a01660,\u00a0 <\/span><\/span><\/span>Sultan Hasanuddin <\/span><\/span><\/span>\u00a0summoned <\/span><\/span><\/span>\u00a0Tobala <\/span><\/span><\/span>\u00a0Arung Tanette, an official trusted\u00a0 <\/span><\/span><\/span>by the <\/span><\/span><\/span>\u00a0Makassar Sultanate <\/span><\/span><\/span>\u00a0to <\/span><\/span><\/span>\u00a0lead the Bone <\/span><\/span><\/span>\u00a0people <\/span><\/span><\/span>\u00a0. <\/span>Sultan Hasanuudin asked\u00a0 <\/span><\/span><\/span>Tobala Arung Tanette to gather\u00a0 the strength of the <\/span><\/span><\/span>Bone <\/span><\/span><\/span>people <\/span><\/span><\/span>\u00a0to <\/span><\/span>strengthen\u00a0 <\/span><\/span>the defense <\/span><\/span>of Makassar <\/span><\/span>when it <\/span><\/span>faced <\/span><\/span>the\u00a0 <\/span><\/span>Dutch Company.<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n
In\u00a0 <\/span><\/span><\/span>the conversation, Tobala Arung Tanette said that he\u00a0 <\/span><\/span><\/span>was the leader of the Bone Bugis people and <\/span><\/span><\/span>\u00a0in order\u00a0 <\/span><\/span><\/span>to maintain the self-respect and dignity of the <\/span><\/span><\/span>\u00a0Bone Bugis people, Tobala promised that he together\u00a0 with the <\/span><\/span><\/span>Bone <\/span><\/span>Bugis <\/span><\/span><\/span>people <\/span><\/span><\/span>\u00a0would <\/span><\/span>fight <\/span><\/span>with <\/span><\/span>Sultan <\/span><\/span>Hasanuddin <\/span><\/span>against <\/span><\/span>the Dutch Company <\/span><\/span>who <\/span><\/span>wanted <\/span><\/span>to\u00a0 <\/span><\/span>conquer\u00a0 <\/span><\/span>Makassar <\/span><\/span>as a the largest <\/span><\/span>maritime <\/span><\/span>trading <\/span><\/span>dealer <\/span><\/span>in the Eastern Archipelago\u00a0 <\/span><\/span>at that time.<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n
As proof, Tobala immediately\u00a0 <\/span><\/span><\/span>led 1000 <\/span><\/span><\/span>\u00a0Bugis <\/span><\/span><\/span>\u00a0Bone people <\/span><\/span><\/span>\u00a0to\u00a0 <\/span><\/span><\/span>go guard the areas behind <\/span><\/span><\/span>\u00a0the Makassar region in order to be\u00a0 <\/span><\/span><\/span>alert for movements by Dutch <\/span><\/span><\/span>\u00a0Company troops <\/span><\/span><\/span>\u00a0. <\/span>Apart from that, Tobala was also tasked with\u00a0 <\/span><\/span><\/span>reporting <\/span><\/span><\/span>\u00a0every <\/span><\/span><\/span>\u00a0attempt by the Dutch <\/span><\/span><\/span>\u00a0Company <\/span><\/span><\/span>\u00a0to persuade the Bugis to unite against Makassar.<\/span><\/span>
\n<\/span><\/p>\n
Meanwhile, the Dutch Company\u00a0 <\/span><\/span><\/span>had <\/span><\/span><\/span>\u00a0received <\/span><\/span><\/span>\u00a0a report <\/span><\/span><\/span>\u00a0from <\/span><\/span><\/span>\u00a0a\u00a0 <\/span><\/span><\/span>rebel from Bugis Mandar in Manado, <\/span><\/span><\/span>\u00a0that several <\/span><\/span><\/span>\u00a0Makassar\u00a0 nobles <\/span><\/span><\/span>complained about the harsh attitude shown\u00a0 <\/span><\/span><\/span>by <\/span><\/span><\/span>\u00a0Sultan\u00a0 <\/span><\/span><\/span>Hasanuddin <\/span><\/span><\/span>\u00a0as <\/span><\/span><\/span>\u00a0their <\/span><\/span><\/span>leader . <\/span><\/span><\/span>\u00a0This\u00a0 <\/span><\/span>report from the <\/span><\/span>Bugis <\/span><\/span>Mandar <\/span><\/span>people <\/span><\/span>was further strengthened by the report brought by <\/span><\/span>the Dutch Company envoy who came to the\u00a0 <\/span><\/span>Makassar palace. <\/span><\/span>This Dutch Company envoy was named\u00a0 <\/span><\/span>Willem Bastingh.<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n
The report added\u00a0 <\/span><\/span><\/span>that Makassar mercenaries from Banda\u00a0 <\/span><\/span><\/span>were also ready to assist <\/span><\/span><\/span>\u00a0the Dutch Company <\/span><\/span><\/span>\u00a0if <\/span><\/span><\/span>\u00a0the Dutch Company wanted to attack\u00a0 <\/span><\/span><\/span>Makassar <\/span><\/span><\/span>\u00a0. <\/span>With this report, the Dutch <\/span><\/span><\/span>\u00a0Company\u00a0 <\/span><\/span><\/span>felt quite relieved that there was a way to <\/span><\/span><\/span>\u00a0conquer Makassar as\u00a0 <\/span><\/span><\/span>the largest <\/span><\/span><\/span>maritime trading port <\/span><\/span><\/span>\u00a0in <\/span><\/span>the\u00a0 <\/span><\/span>eastern\u00a0 <\/span><\/span>archipelago , which had been <\/span><\/span>a stumbling block for the Dutch Company in\u00a0 <\/span><\/span>its efforts to achieve a position as sole authority <\/span><\/span>over the spice trade in the\u00a0 <\/span><\/span>Indonesian Archipelago. <\/span><\/span>will come true <\/span><\/span>soon <\/span><\/span>.<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n
After receiving this information, in\u00a0 <\/span><\/span><\/span>the middle of 1660, the <\/span><\/span><\/span>\u00a0Dutch <\/span><\/span><\/span>Company\u00a0 <\/span><\/span><\/span>sent <\/span><\/span>an <\/span><\/span>expedition <\/span><\/span>to test the strength of Makassar. <\/span><\/span>The Dutch Company\u00a0 <\/span><\/span>in that expedition\u00a0 <\/span><\/span>succeeded in capturing\u00a0 <\/span><\/span>Panakukang Harbor. <\/span><\/span>After <\/span><\/span>successfully <\/span><\/span>seizing <\/span><\/span>Panakukang Harbor from Makassar,\u00a0 <\/span><\/span>the Dutch Company placed four <\/span><\/span>fully armed warships and two lifeboats\u00a0 <\/span><\/span>to <\/span><\/span>secure <\/span><\/span>Panakukang <\/span><\/span>Fort <\/span><\/span>from the Makassar authorities.<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n
Apart from that, the\u00a0 <\/span><\/span><\/span>Dutch Company <\/span><\/span><\/span>\u00a0had <\/span><\/span><\/span>also <\/span><\/span><\/span>\u00a0prepared food <\/span><\/span>supplies\u00a0 <\/span><\/span>for five months to support\u00a0 <\/span><\/span>the Dutch troops <\/span><\/span>tasked <\/span><\/span>with <\/span><\/span>guarding and securing Panakukang Fort from the Makassar authorities. <\/span><\/span>According to information from Speelman, Sultan Hasanuddin really blamed Karaeng Sumanna as the Makassar official who was responsible for handling the Bone troops under the leadership of Tobala Arung Tanete.<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n
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On that basis, Sultan Hasanuddin replaced Karaeng Sumanna with Karaeng Karunrung. <\/span>This policy was taken by Sultan Hasanuddin in the hope that the Makassar Sultanate would no longer be humiliated by the Dutch Company.<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n
Karaeng Karunrung was very serious\u00a0 <\/span><\/span><\/span>about mobilizing the Bone people.\u00a0<\/span><\/span><\/span>Karaeng <\/span><\/span><\/span>\u00a0Karunrung\u00a0 <\/span><\/span><\/span>immediately <\/span><\/span><\/span>\u00a0gave <\/span><\/span><\/span>\u00a0orders to <\/span><\/span><\/span>\u00a0Tobala Arung Tanette <\/span><\/span><\/span>\u00a0to\u00a0 <\/span><\/span><\/span>bring the <\/span><\/span><\/span>\u00a0Bone people to <\/span><\/span><\/span>\u00a0Makassar <\/span><\/span><\/span>\u00a0to\u00a0 <\/span><\/span><\/span>work to help defend Makassar. <\/span>On <\/span><\/span><\/span>\u00a0Karaeng Karunrung’s orders, Tobala Arung\u00a0 <\/span><\/span><\/span>Tanette succeeded in\u00a0 <\/span><\/span><\/span>bringing 10,000 Bone people <\/span><\/span><\/span>\u00a0to Makassar. <\/span><\/span><\/span>\u00a0The Bone people, numbering\u00a0 <\/span><\/span><\/span>around 10,000, regardless of age, whether <\/span><\/span><\/span>\u00a0young or old, were all forced to walk\u00a0 <\/span><\/span><\/span>across <\/span><\/span><\/span>\u00a0bumpy <\/span><\/span><\/span>areas and <\/span><\/span><\/span>\u00a0high mountains towards Makassar.<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n
When they arrived\u00a0 <\/span><\/span><\/span>in <\/span><\/span><\/span>\u00a0Makassar, they were divided into <\/span><\/span><\/span>groups and worked in turns based on\u00a0 <\/span><\/span><\/span>their respective groups. <\/span>They were given\u00a0 <\/span><\/span><\/span>the task of digging <\/span><\/span><\/span>\u00a0trenches along the\u00a0 <\/span><\/span><\/span>defense line on the coast of Makassar port, from <\/span><\/span><\/span>\u00a0the southernmost fort of Barombong to\u00a0 <\/span><\/span><\/span>the northernmost fort of Ujung Tana. <\/span>While in\u00a0 <\/span><\/span><\/span>Makassar, the rights of the Bone people as workers <\/span><\/span><\/span>\u00a0were often violated by the Sultanate of Makassar\u00a0 <\/span><\/span><\/span>and the suffering of the Bone people increased <\/span><\/span><\/span>\u00a0when <\/span><\/span><\/span>\u00a0the foremen <\/span><\/span><\/span>\u00a0who <\/span><\/span><\/span>\u00a0supervised\u00a0 <\/span><\/span><\/span>their work were rude to the\u00a0 <\/span><\/span><\/span>Bone people who were working.<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n
As a result <\/span><\/span>, many\u00a0 <\/span><\/span><\/span>Bone people fell ill and fled\u00a0 <\/span><\/span><\/span>, <\/span><\/span><\/span>\u00a0because <\/span><\/span><\/span>\u00a0they <\/span><\/span><\/span>\u00a0could\u00a0 <\/span><\/span>no <\/span><\/span><\/span>longer <\/span><\/span><\/span>\u00a0stand <\/span><\/span>their suffering <\/span><\/span>as <\/span><\/span>trench <\/span><\/span>workers <\/span><\/span>. <\/span><\/span>This <\/span><\/span>problem <\/span><\/span>was\u00a0 <\/span><\/span>taken <\/span><\/span>seriously <\/span><\/span>by Karaeng Karunrung. <\/span><\/span>Karaeng Karunrung <\/span><\/span>took <\/span><\/span>action <\/span><\/span>by <\/span><\/span>employing\u00a0 <\/span><\/span>Bone nobles together with\u00a0 <\/span><\/span>their people to achieve the <\/span><\/span>desired targets.<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n
Arung Palakka was one of\u00a0 <\/span><\/span><\/span>the Bone nobles who was sent\u00a0 <\/span><\/span><\/span>to supervise the <\/span><\/span><\/span>\u00a0Bone <\/span><\/span><\/span>people <\/span><\/span><\/span>\u00a0in\u00a0 <\/span><\/span>working <\/span><\/span>on the ditch. <\/span><\/span>One day, <\/span><\/span>Arung Palakka\u00a0 <\/span><\/span>witnessed with his own eyes and head\u00a0 <\/span><\/span>the cruelty of the foreman towards the\u00a0 <\/span><\/span>Bone people who were working. <\/span><\/span>The foreman arrested\u00a0 <\/span><\/span>and beat the Bone man in front of <\/span><\/span>Arung <\/span><\/span>Palakka.<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n
Arung Palakka felt that he could not bear to see\u00a0 the suffering that the <\/span><\/span><\/span>Bone <\/span><\/span><\/span>people experienced <\/span><\/span><\/span>\u00a0while\u00a0 <\/span><\/span>working. <\/span><\/span>He\u00a0 <\/span><\/span>tried\u00a0 <\/span><\/span>to influence and convince Tobala Arung\u00a0 <\/span><\/span>Tanette and other Bone nobles to\u00a0 <\/span><\/span>run away from the job. <\/span><\/span>Arung Palakka <\/span><\/span>succeeded in influencing and convincing them.\u00a0<\/span><\/span>After agreeing to run away, they\u00a0 <\/span><\/span>waited for the right time to escape\u00a0 <\/span><\/span>.<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n
The long-awaited day has arrived, namely the\u00a0 <\/span><\/span><\/span>post-harvest holiday. <\/span>On that day, Makassar people\u00a0 <\/span><\/span><\/span>were celebrating harvest day which was held in <\/span><\/span><\/span>\u00a0the Tallo area. <\/span>The foremen and Makassar people\u00a0 <\/span><\/span><\/span>in general were busy with the crowds <\/span><\/span><\/span>\u00a0being held at Tallo. <\/span>Under these conditions\u00a0 <\/span><\/span><\/span>, <\/span><\/span><\/span>\u00a0the Bone people under the leadership of Arung\u00a0 <\/span><\/span><\/span>Palakka and <\/span><\/span><\/span>\u00a0Tobala Arung Tanette managed\u00a0 <\/span><\/span><\/span>to leave <\/span><\/span><\/span>\u00a0Makassar <\/span><\/span><\/span>\u00a0and <\/span><\/span><\/span>\u00a0move <\/span><\/span><\/span>\u00a0on\u00a0 <\/span><\/span><\/span>towards <\/span><\/span><\/span>\u00a0Bone.<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n
It took <\/span><\/span><\/span>\u00a0them four <\/span><\/span><\/span>days\u00a0 <\/span><\/span><\/span>to reach Bone.\u00a0<\/span><\/span><\/span>They traveled for four days, <\/span><\/span><\/span>\u00a0full of exhaustion. <\/span>After arriving in Bone,\u00a0 <\/span><\/span><\/span>with the agreement of all parties,\u00a0 <\/span><\/span><\/span>plans were drawn up for <\/span><\/span><\/span>\u00a0a <\/span><\/span>large-scale\u00a0 <\/span><\/span><\/span>rebellion <\/span><\/span><\/span>\u00a0against the <\/span><\/span>Makassar Sultanate <\/span><\/span>regarding <\/span><\/span>the\u00a0 <\/span><\/span>inhumane treatment <\/span><\/span>by the <\/span><\/span>Makassar Sultanate of the Bone people who\u00a0 <\/span><\/span>were working day and night digging <\/span><\/span>ditches to strengthen the <\/span><\/span>Makassar Sultanate’s defenses against the Company. Dutch.<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n
The rebellion of the Bone people <\/span><\/span><\/span>\u00a0was <\/span><\/span><\/span>led <\/span><\/span><\/span>\u00a0directly\u00a0 <\/span><\/span>by Arung Palakka and Tobala Arung\u00a0 <\/span><\/span>Tanette. <\/span><\/span>Around 11,000 Bone and Soppeng Bugis people\u00a0 <\/span><\/span>had been prepared by Arung Palakka and Tobala Arung Tanette to fight against the Makassar Sultanate which had treated the Bone people in less than humane ways.<\/span><\/span><\/span>\u00a0
\n<\/span><\/p>\n
After <\/span><\/span><\/span>\u00a0learning of this <\/span><\/span><\/span>\u00a0movement <\/span><\/span><\/span>\u00a0,\u00a0 <\/span><\/span><\/span>Sultan <\/span><\/span><\/span>\u00a0Hasanuddin <\/span><\/span><\/span>\u00a0sent <\/span><\/span><\/span>\u00a0troops\u00a0 <\/span><\/span><\/span>under <\/span><\/span><\/span>\u00a0the leadership of <\/span><\/span><\/span>\u00a0Karaeng <\/span><\/span><\/span>\u00a0Sumanna <\/span><\/span><\/span>\u00a0to <\/span><\/span><\/span>\u00a0crush it. <\/span><\/span><\/span>\u00a0At first, Arung Palakka\u00a0 <\/span><\/span><\/span>and Tobala Arung Tanette succeeded in containing\u00a0 <\/span><\/span><\/span>the Makassar troops under the leadership of Karaeng <\/span><\/span><\/span>\u00a0Sumanna. <\/span>However, after the Makassar troops received\u00a0 <\/span><\/span><\/span>assistance from Wajo, Arung Palakka and <\/span><\/span><\/span>\u00a0Tobala <\/span><\/span><\/span>\u00a0Arung <\/span><\/span><\/span>\u00a0Tanette suffered defeat. <\/span><\/span><\/span>\u00a0Arung\u00a0 <\/span><\/span><\/span>Palakka and Tobala Arung Tanette made\u00a0 <\/span><\/span><\/span>a retreat. <\/span><\/span><\/span>\u00a0Makassar and <\/span><\/span><\/span>\u00a0Wajo\u00a0 troops <\/span><\/span><\/span>continued <\/span><\/span>to <\/span><\/span><\/span>chase<\/span><\/span><\/span>\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0There was <\/span><\/span><\/span>\u00a0another open <\/span><\/span><\/span>\u00a0battle\u00a0 <\/span><\/span><\/span>in the North Bone area <\/span><\/span><\/span>\u00a0on October 11, <\/span><\/span><\/span>\u00a01660.<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n
In this battle, Tobala\u00a0 <\/span><\/span><\/span>died at the hands of Makassar and Wajo troops,\u00a0 <\/span><\/span><\/span>while Arung Palakka managed to escape <\/span><\/span><\/span>\u00a0and <\/span><\/span><\/span>\u00a0fled <\/span><\/span><\/span>\u00a0to <\/span><\/span><\/span>\u00a0the <\/span><\/span><\/span>Macini <\/span><\/span><\/span>\u00a0Mountains\u00a0<\/span><\/span><\/span> \u00a0. <\/span><\/span>Makassar and Wajo troops <\/span><\/span><\/span>\u00a0continued to <\/span><\/span><\/span>chase <\/span><\/span><\/span>Arung <\/span><\/span><\/span>\u00a0Palakka <\/span><\/span>,<\/span><\/span> \u00a0but\u00a0 <\/span>they lost track of him. <\/span><\/span>Feeling unsafe\u00a0 <\/span><\/span>hiding in the <\/span><\/span>Bone area, <\/span><\/span>because he was <\/span><\/span>always <\/span><\/span>targeted by the Makassar troops, Arung\u00a0 <\/span><\/span>Palakka tried to get out of the Bone area.<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n
On December 25, 1660, Arung Palakka <\/span><\/span><\/span>accompanied by Arung Bila, Datu Patojjo, Arung\u00a0 <\/span><\/span><\/span>Appanang <\/span><\/span><\/span>\u00a0and <\/span><\/span><\/span>\u00a0his <\/span><\/span><\/span>\u00a0followers , <\/span><\/span><\/span>\u00a0around\u00a0 <\/span><\/span><\/span>400 people, managed to arrive at Palette Beach.\u00a0<\/span><\/span><\/span>Arung Palakka on this beach vowed to continue\u00a0 <\/span><\/span><\/span>fighting to free Bone and Soppeng <\/span><\/span><\/span>\u00a0from Makassar rule. <\/span>After taking the oath,\u00a0 <\/span><\/span><\/span>Arung Palakka sailed with his <\/span><\/span><\/span>\u00a0followers <\/span><\/span><\/span>\u00a0towards the Buton <\/span><\/span><\/span>\u00a0region <\/span><\/span><\/span>\u00a0.<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n
The Sultan\u00a0 <\/span><\/span><\/span>of Buton welcomed the arrival of Arung Palakka\u00a0 <\/span><\/span><\/span>and his followers and was willing to provide\u00a0 <\/span><\/span><\/span>them protection. <\/span>Arung Palakka later decided to go to Batavia to build cooperation with the Dutch Company in an effort to liberate Bone and Soppeng from <\/span><\/span>
Makassar rule.<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n
The Dutch Company accepted this offer of cooperation and placed Arung Palakka’s followers to settle in Muara Angke. <\/span>Three years later, Arung Palakka and the Dutch Company were ready to face Makassar as their common enemy with different interests. <\/span>Arung Palakka fought against Makassar because he wanted to free Bone from Makassar’s rule, while the Dutch Company attacked Makassar in order to establish itself as the sole ruler of the spice trade in the archipelago.<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n
As planned, on November 24\u00a0 <\/span><\/span><\/span>1666, <\/span><\/span><\/span>\u00a0Cornelis Speelman and Arung Palakka\u00a0 <\/span><\/span><\/span>sailed to Makassar from Batavia ready to <\/span><\/span><\/span>\u00a0attack Makassar. <\/span><\/span><\/span>\u00a0Speelman’s\u00a0 <\/span><\/span><\/span>troops <\/span><\/span><\/span>\u00a0consisted of\u00a0 <\/span><\/span>21 ships and 1,870 soldiers ( <\/span><\/span>818 Dutch sailors, 578\u00a0 <\/span><\/span>Dutch soldiers, and 395 native troops). <\/span><\/span>The main native troops\u00a0 <\/span><\/span>came from Ambon under\u00a0 <\/span><\/span>the leadership of Captain Joncker and from Bugis <\/span><\/span>Bone\u00a0 <\/span><\/span>under the leadership of <\/span><\/span>Arung Palakka.<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n
On <\/span><\/span><\/span>\u00a0December <\/span><\/span><\/span>19 <\/span><\/span><\/span>\u00a0, 1666,\u00a0 <\/span><\/span>Speelman and <\/span><\/span>Arung <\/span><\/span>Palakka <\/span><\/span>arrived <\/span><\/span>at\u00a0 <\/span><\/span>the port of Makassar. <\/span><\/span>Arriving at the port of\u00a0 <\/span><\/span>Makassar, <\/span><\/span>Speelman <\/span><\/span>immediately <\/span><\/span>threatened Sultan <\/span><\/span>Hasanuddin <\/span><\/span>. <\/span><\/span>Furthermore,\u00a0 <\/span><\/span>Speelman\u00a0 <\/span><\/span>raised <\/span><\/span>a “red flag as a sign that the attack would\u00a0 <\/span><\/span>soon begin” on December 21 1966. At the same time,\u00a0 <\/span><\/span>two cannons were fired from a Dutch <\/span><\/span>Company\u00a0 ship <\/span><\/span>towards Somba Opu Fort,\u00a0 <\/span><\/span>Sultan Hasanuddin’s <\/span><\/span>main defensive fort .<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n
Makassar troops responded to the Dutch Company’s attack\u00a0 <\/span><\/span><\/span>by firing cannons\u00a0 <\/span><\/span><\/span>from the forts of Somba Opu, Panakkukang and\u00a0 <\/span><\/span><\/span>Ujung Pandang. <\/span>Apart from that, <\/span><\/span><\/span>\u00a0Sultan Hasanuddin\u00a0 <\/span><\/span><\/span>also deployed naval troops to attack <\/span><\/span><\/span>\u00a0the Dutch Company. <\/span>This sea attack\u00a0 <\/span><\/span><\/span>overwhelmed <\/span><\/span><\/span>Speelman <\/span><\/span><\/span>\u00a0because <\/span><\/span>it <\/span><\/span>was beyond\u00a0 <\/span><\/span>his calculations.<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n
Due to the unfavorable weather\u00a0 <\/span><\/span><\/span>and the strength of <\/span><\/span><\/span>\u00a0Sultan Hasanuddin’s defenses, Speelman abandoned his intention to attack first. <\/span>Speelman continued his voyage to the east to strengthen his forces in order to overthrow Makassar. <\/span>Speelman sailed on and finally arrived in Buton in January 1667. However, a battle broke out between Speelman’s fleet and the Makassar troops under the leadership of Karaeng Bontomarannu. <\/span>In this battle, Speelman managed to achieve victory.<\/span><\/span>
\n<\/span><\/p>\n
Speelman <\/span><\/span><\/span>\u00a0managed <\/span><\/span><\/span>\u00a0to achieve <\/span><\/span><\/span>absolute<\/span><\/span> \u00a0victory <\/span>in Buton because the Bugis <\/span><\/span>Bone\u00a0 <\/span><\/span>and Soppeng people who were under the command of Karaeng <\/span><\/span><\/span>Bontomarannu\u00a0 <\/span><\/span><\/span>turned against\u00a0 <\/span><\/span>the Makassar troops. <\/span><\/span>They knew that\u00a0 <\/span><\/span>in Speelman’s troops there was Arung Palakka\u00a0 <\/span><\/span>who had come from Batavia to free\u00a0 <\/span><\/span>them <\/span><\/span>from Makassar <\/span><\/span>rule\u00a0 <\/span><\/span>.<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n
Seeing this <\/span><\/span><\/span>\u00a0unfavorable <\/span><\/span><\/span>situation <\/span><\/span><\/span>\u00a0,\u00a0 <\/span><\/span>Sultan Hasanuddin\u00a0 <\/span><\/span>tried to <\/span><\/span>normalize <\/span><\/span>his\u00a0 <\/span><\/span>relationship <\/span><\/span>with\u00a0 <\/span><\/span>Bone. <\/span><\/span>Sultan <\/span><\/span>Hasanuddin <\/span><\/span>issued <\/span><\/span>a statement that the Bone Kingdom was free\u00a0 <\/span><\/span>from the <\/span><\/span>Makassar Sultanate. <\/span><\/span>This <\/span><\/span>statement <\/span><\/span>was followed <\/span><\/span>by <\/span><\/span>actions <\/span><\/span>to restore <\/span><\/span>La\u00a0 <\/span><\/span>Maddarameng as the rightful King of Bone. <\/span><\/span>In\u00a0 <\/span><\/span>February 1667, La Maddarameng was <\/span><\/span>again the legitimate King of Bone as\u00a0 <\/span><\/span>before.<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n
Sultan Hasanuddin’s\u00a0 <\/span><\/span><\/span>policy <\/span><\/span>has <\/span><\/span><\/span>not been able to make Bone trust <\/span><\/span><\/span>Sultan <\/span><\/span><\/span>\u00a0Hasanuddin again. <\/span><\/span>\u00a0After <\/span>being <\/span><\/span>reappointed\u00a0 <\/span><\/span>as King of <\/span><\/span>Bone, La Maddrameng\u00a0 <\/span><\/span>told the people of Bone that he was\u00a0 <\/span><\/span>only king for a while, namely\u00a0 <\/span><\/span>until <\/span><\/span>Arung <\/span><\/span>Palakka\u00a0 came <\/span><\/span>to replace him.<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n
In <\/span><\/span><\/span>\u00a0a situation <\/span><\/span><\/span>\u00a0like <\/span><\/span><\/span>\u00a0this, Speelman <\/span><\/span><\/span>\u00a0and Arung Palakka\u00a0 <\/span><\/span><\/span>departed <\/span><\/span><\/span>\u00a0with their troops from the Buton area and\u00a0 <\/span><\/span>were ready to wage open war with <\/span><\/span>Sultan\u00a0 <\/span><\/span>Hasanuddin and Karaeng <\/span><\/span>Karunrung. <\/span><\/span>On June 19, 1667, they all sailed to Makassar with a clear goal, namely to destroy the glory of Makassar.<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n
Arriving in the Makassar area, war immediately broke out. <\/span>This war lasted for two years. <\/span>Sultan Hasanuddin suffered total defeat after Speelman and Arung Palakka succeeded in razing and controlling Somba Opu Fort on June 24 1969.<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n
In <\/span><\/span><\/span>historical<\/span><\/span><\/span>\u00a0 \u00a0records\u00a0 , <\/span><\/span>the Dutch Company\u00a0 <\/span><\/span><\/span>admitted that the Makassar War was\u00a0 <\/span><\/span><\/span>a great war in an effort to become<\/span><\/span><\/span> the sole \u00a0authority <\/span><\/span>over the spice trade <\/span><\/span><\/span>in the Archipelago. <\/span><\/span><\/span>Sultan <\/span><\/span>Hasanuddin’s <\/span><\/span>toughness\u00a0 <\/span><\/span><\/span>and tenacity <\/span><\/span><\/span>\u00a0in <\/span><\/span>the Makassar War was highly recognized by the\u00a0 <\/span><\/span>Dutch Company. <\/span><\/span>\u00a0They\u00a0 <\/span>called him <\/span><\/span>a special nickname, namely “Rooster\u00a0 <\/span><\/span>from the East”, <\/span><\/span>De Haantjes van Het Osten <\/span><\/i>.<\/span><\/span><\/span>\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0<\/i><\/p>\n
Read Also :\u00a0This is the Story of Abu Bakar As Siddiq and Rasulullah SAW in Spreading Islam<\/a><\/strong><\/span><\/pre>\n
Some\u00a0 <\/span><\/span>historians\u00a0 <\/span><\/span><\/span>interpret that if the Dutch had not been assisted\u00a0 <\/span><\/span><\/span>by Arung Palakka’s troops, they\u00a0 <\/span><\/span><\/span>would <\/span><\/span><\/span>not have <\/span><\/span><\/span>\u00a0been able <\/span><\/span>to defeat the Makassar <\/span><\/span>Sultanate <\/span><\/span>at that time. <\/span><\/span>This is because Makassar\u00a0 <\/span><\/span>has a very strong navy.<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n
So, that’s a brief explanation of\u00a0 <\/span><\/span>the Biography of Sultan Hasanuddin: Family Background and History of His Struggle <\/span><\/span>. <\/span><\/span>Appreciate the services of national figures, such as Prince Diponegoro, not only by remembering them silently and giving thanks, but also by imitating their attitudes and actions.<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n
Mudalovers<\/span><\/span><\/em>  can visit the mudacepatn article collection at <\/span><\/span>mudabicara.com<\/span><\/span><\/a> to get references about other heroes, starting from their life background, education and struggle history.<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n
Find other interesting things at <\/span><\/span>mudabicara.com<\/span><\/span><\/a> . <\/span>Mudatalk will always display interesting, current and best articles for <\/span><\/span>Mudalovers<\/span><\/span><\/em> .<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"
Sultan Hasanuddin is one of the kings from the east who is <\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":1821,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[40],"tags":[454,455,28,38],"class_list":{"0":"post-1819","1":"post","2":"type-post","3":"status-publish","4":"format-standard","5":"has-post-thumbnail","7":"category-figure","8":"tag-academic","9":"tag-biography","10":"tag-education","11":"tag-university"},"yoast_head":"\nThis is the biography of Sultan Hasanuddin: Family background and history of his struggle - Mudabicara<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/mudabicara.com\/en\/this-is-the-biography-of-sultan-hasanuddin-family-background-and-history-of-his-struggle\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"This is the biography of Sultan Hasanuddin: Family background and history of his struggle - 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