{"id":1836,"date":"2023-09-28T20:17:10","date_gmt":"2023-09-28T20:17:10","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/mudabicara.com\/en\/?p=1836"},"modified":"2023-09-28T20:17:10","modified_gmt":"2023-09-28T20:17:10","slug":"this-is-a-short-biography-and-works-of-karl-marx","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/mudabicara.com\/en\/this-is-a-short-biography-and-works-of-karl-marx\/","title":{"rendered":"This is a short biography and works of Karl Marx"},"content":{"rendered":"

Hello,\u00a0 <\/span><\/span>Mudalovers,\u00a0<\/span><\/span><\/em> this time we will discuss Karl Marx. <\/span>Who\u00a0 <\/span><\/span>does<\/span><\/span><\/em> \u00a0n’t know this father of socialism?<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

This figure is known for his revolutionary thoughts, especially regarding his very famous socialism and communism. <\/span>It is not surprising that he is called the\u00a0 <\/span><\/span>Father of Socialism <\/span><\/span>\u00a0and\u00a0 <\/span><\/span>the Founding Father of Communists <\/span><\/span>, along with his friend\u00a0 <\/span><\/span>Friedrich Engels <\/span><\/span>.<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

Karl Marx was a teacher of communism whose teachings are still used as a government system in several countries around the world. <\/span>This could happen, because Marx’s ideas began to show a big influence in the development of the world of work after he died. <\/span>This influence continued to grow after being encouraged by the victory of the Marxist Bolsheviks in the Russian October Revolution.<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

However, did you know that the figure of Karl Marx was very unique and rebellious because of his thoughts at that time. <\/span>Even so, in the history of his life, he is known as a philosopher, sociologist, expert in political economy and social theory.<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

Mudalovers<\/em> is becoming increasingly curious about what the life story of Karl Marx is like, right? <\/span><\/span>How<\/span><\/span><\/em> \u00a0come\u00a0 <\/span><\/span>you<\/span><\/span><\/em> \u00a0have an idea about the concept of communism and what do you actually mean by communism itself?\u00a0<\/span><\/span>So that<\/span><\/span><\/em> \u00a0you are no longer curious, let’s look at the article below.<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

<\/span>Karl Marx’s Childhood<\/span><\/span><\/h2>\n

Born on May 5, 1818 in the city of Trier, southeastern Germany, which at that time was still part of the Lower Rhine Province, Kingdom of Prussia. <\/span>Marx was born into a Jewish family with middle class economic conditions.<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

He was the third of nine children born to Heinrich Marx and Henrietta Marx. <\/span>Even though he came from a family of Jewish descent, his father decided in 1816 to be baptized as a Christian at the age of 36.<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

Heinrich was a quite successful lawyer in Prussia. <\/span>Marx’s father was also a reform activist in his time. <\/span>His father’s decision to convert to Christianity was because in 1815, there was a regulation that prohibited Jews from occupying crucial positions in society.<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

Even so, his father was baptized by a Lutheran, not a Catholic who was the main faith in Trier. <\/span>The reason was because Marx’s father was someone with beliefs that equated Protestantism with intellectual freedom.<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

Karl Marx himself was baptized when he was 6 years old, along with his siblings. <\/span>Meanwhile, his mother was only baptized after his father died. <\/span>Even though Trier was known as one of the Catholic cities in Germany at that time. <\/span>However, the influence of liberal ideas was easier to enter because of its location on the border with France.<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

Until the age of 12, Karl Marx studied at home, aka\u00a0 <\/span><\/span>homeschooling<\/span><\/span><\/i> . <\/span>However, in the end he continued his education at the Jesuit school, Trier, which at that time was known as the Friedrich-Wilhelm Gymnasium. <\/span>Marx attended school for 5 years, from 1830 to 1835. During school, Marx himself was just an ordinary student, like most students in general.<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

One unexpected thing about his new school. <\/span>It turned out that the principal at that time was a friend of his father who was a person with liberal views. <\/span>The principal was a Kantian respected by the Rhinelanders, but suspected by the authorities.<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

Because of the existing suspicions. <\/span>Finally the school came under surveillance and was raided in 1832.<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

<\/span>Karl Marx’s Youth<\/span><\/span><\/h2>\n

Well, when he entered campus, Marx began to show\u00a0 his <\/span><\/span>rebellious<\/span><\/span><\/i> attitude . <\/span>After studying at the Jesuits, Marx continued studying at the University of Bonn, Germany. <\/span>You could say, he is an active student in academic life on campus and is also known as a rebel.<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

During the first two semesters, Marx spent his days making trouble, getting drunk, and even fighting. <\/span>His father was furious and forced Marx to move to another, more serious school, namely the University of Berlin, majoring in philosophy and law.<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

This is where Marx learned about philosophy from GWF Hegel, a professor in Berlin. <\/span>Even though he was initially not very enamored with Hegel’s theory, he was still heavily involved with Hegelian youth groups. <\/span>In this group of radical students, among them were Bruno Bauer and Ludwig Feuerbach. <\/span>They usually criticize issues of political and religious progress at that time.<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

In 1836, when Marx became more enthusiastic about becoming politically involved. <\/span>Marx was secretly engaged to Jenny von Westphalen, a woman from a respectable family in Trier who was four years his senior. <\/span>Seeing the child’s increasingly radical behavior. <\/span>In a series of letters, Marx’s father expressed his concern at seeing his son go crazy like that.<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

Heinrich also reprimanded him for not taking the responsibility of marriage seriously enough, especially since his future wife came from an upper-class family. <\/span>His father also asked Marx to stop his marriage to Jenny.<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

5 years passed, Marx finally received a doctorate from the University of Jena in 1841. Unfortunately, because of the radical politics he brought. <\/span>This prevented him from getting a teaching position there.<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

He then turned to looking for a new job. <\/span>In 1842, he began working as a journalist, and within 10 months he became editor-in-chief of a liberal newspaper in Cologne, called the Rheinische Zeitung. <\/span>It didn’t last long, one year later, Marx resigned on March 18, 1843. After his resignation, coincidentally, the local government ordered the closure of all newspapers starting April 1, 1843.<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

Three months later, exactly 7 years after Karl Marx became secretly engaged to Jenny von Westphalen. <\/span>In June 1843, Marx married her and in October, they moved to Paris.<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

They were blessed with six children, but because of extreme poverty, only three of the children survived to adulthood. <\/span>Karl Marx’s children as adults were also actively involved in political activities.<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

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<\/span>Marx’s Life in Paris<\/span><\/span><\/h2>\n
In Paris, Marx met Arnold Ruge who was also active in politics. <\/span>They even founded a political journal entitled\u00a0 <\/span><\/span>Deutsch-Franz\u00f6sische Jahrb\u00fccher<\/span><\/span><\/em> . <\/span>Unfortunately, both of them have different philosophies from each other. <\/span>Even so, this journal actually brought Marx and Friedrich Engels together in August 1844 in a famous Paris cafe at that time. <\/span>Bringing them together as collaborators and lifelong friends.<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n
Friedrich Engels was the son of a textile factory owner who became a socialist and criticized the living conditions faced by working class people. <\/span>Much of Marx’s pity and working class misery stemmed from his exposure to Engels and his own ideas.<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n
The two of them began writing criticism of the philosopher Bruno Bauer, a Young Hegelian and former friend of Marx’s while studying in Berlin. <\/span>The results of Marx and Engels’ first collaboration were later published in 1845 as The Holy Family.<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n
In the same year, he was caught writing for the radical newspaper Vorw\u00e4rts. <\/span>Marx was expelled from France and moved to Belgium. <\/span>Vorw\u00e4rts himself had strong ties to the organization that became the Communist League.<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n
<\/span>Marx’s Life in Brussels<\/span><\/span><\/h2>\n
Move country, change philosophy. <\/span>Karl Marx was again reunited with another figure who introduced him to experts in socialism, until he completely broke away from Young Hegelian philosophy. <\/span>That figure is Moses Hess.<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n
While in Brussels, Marx wrote\u00a0 <\/span><\/span>The German Ideology<\/span><\/span><\/em> \u00a0and first developed his theory of historical materialism. <\/span>However, he could not find a publisher willing to publish his work. <\/span>Until his death, the manuscript of German Ideology had never been published.<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n
Then early in 1846, Marx founded\u00a0 <\/span><\/span>the Committee of Communist Correspondence<\/span><\/span><\/strong> \u00a0in an effort to connect socialists from across Europe. <\/span>Inspired through his ideas, especially from his writings in the radical newspaper\u00a0 <\/span><\/span>Vorw\u00e4rts<\/span><\/span><\/strong> . <\/span>Socialists in England also held a conference and formed the Communist League.<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n
A year passed, the Communist League finally held a centralized meeting in London in 1847. The organization asked Marx and Engels to write the\u00a0 <\/span><\/span>Manifest der Kommunistischen Partei<\/span><\/span><\/em> \u00a0(Communist Party Manifesto) which was published in 1848.<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n
Again, in 1849 Marx was expelled from Belgium. <\/span>Anticipating a socialist revolution, he returned to France, but he was also deported from there. <\/span>His hometown, Prussia, also refused to re-naturalize Karl Marx. <\/span>He finally moved to London. <\/span>Although the British denied him citizenship, Marx remained in London until his death.<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n
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<\/span>Marx’s Life in London<\/span><\/span><\/h2>\n
Even though it’s not a good new start. <\/span>In London, Marx helped found\u00a0 <\/span><\/span>the German Workers’ Educational Society<\/span><\/span><\/strong> \u00a0and the new headquarters of the Communist League.<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n
He continued to work as a journalist, including a 10-year stint as a correspondent for the\u00a0 <\/span><\/span>New York Daily Tribune<\/span><\/span><\/strong> \u00a0from 1852 to 1862. However, he never earned a living wage and was largely supported by Engels. <\/span>Marx became increasingly focused on capitalism and economic theory, until in 1867, he published the first volume of Das Kapital.<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n
The remainder of his life was spent writing and revising the manuscript for an additional volume of Das Kapital, which was not completed. <\/span>The remaining two volumes were collected and published posthumously by Engels.<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n
<\/span>Karl Marx’s Works during His Life<\/span><\/span><\/h2>\n
During his lifetime, Karl Marx experienced deportation from various countries from year to year. <\/span>He still regularly writes down his thoughts and publishes them in journals, the newspaper where he works, and even publishes a book.<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n
It was not uncommon for Karl Marx to work with his friend, Friedrich Engels. <\/span><\/span>According to the marxist.org<\/span><\/span><\/strong> site\u00a0 <\/span>, here are several important works by Karl Marx himself and works he created with Engels.<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n