{"id":2089,"date":"2023-10-21T11:55:23","date_gmt":"2023-10-21T11:55:23","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/mudabicara.com\/en\/?p=2089"},"modified":"2023-10-21T11:55:23","modified_gmt":"2023-10-21T11:55:23","slug":"what-is-meiosis-definition-goals-stages","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/mudabicara.com\/en\/what-is-meiosis-definition-goals-stages\/","title":{"rendered":"What is Meiosis? Definition, Goals, Stages"},"content":{"rendered":"

If you look at the faces of your family members, you will definitely find one or two similarities. <\/span>It can be from the shape of the face, skin color, eye shape, eyebrow curve, ear shape, even body height. <\/span>For example, you have round eyes like your mother, while your brother or sister’s eyes are almond-shaped, similar to your father’s.<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

Then, another example, your height is above average like your father while your brother tends to be shorter, similar to your mother. <\/span>Differences like this are commonplace in a family. <\/span>The question is, why are there differences between you and your siblings even though you come from the same parents?<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

To answer this question, you need to understand what meiosis division is which is related to the formation of gamete cells in the body. <\/span>So, instead of having to worry about looking for material on meiosis division from various sources, let’s look at the complete information in this article.<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

Read Also :\u00a0Get to know the Australis fauna in Indonesia<\/a><\/strong><\/span><\/pre>\n
<\/span>What is Meiosis Division<\/span><\/span><\/h2>\n
You need to know, every cell on this earth, including cells in the human body, will always divide. <\/span>In the process, there are two types of cell division, namely mitosis and meiosis. <\/span>So, what is meant by meiotic division is the division carried out for reproductive function. <\/span>The process occurs in the gonad cells in the sexual organs of living creatures that reproduce.<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n
In general, meiotic division occurs in two stages which will later divide the cell twice. <\/span>Thus there will be four cells, each containing the parent’s chromosomes.<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n
Meiosis is a type of cell division that produces four daughter cells, each of which has half the number of chromosomes of the parent cell.<\/span><\/span><\/p><\/blockquote>\n
It cannot be denied that meiosis and mitosis are quite foreign topics to our ears. <\/span>For this reason, you need to read the book\u00a0 <\/span><\/span>Cell and Molecular Biology for Health Professionals<\/span><\/span><\/b> \u00a0because it discusses the molecular basis of biological activity within and between cells, including synthesis, modification, molecular mechanisms and interactions.<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n
<\/span>Purpose of Meiosis Division<\/span><\/span><\/h2>\n
\"\"<\/p>\n
Pixabay.com\/TBIT<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<\/div>\n
The result of meiotic division is the creation of gamete cells or reproductive cells such as egg cells or sperm in humans. <\/span>So you could say that the purpose of meiotic cell division is to produce these gamete cells. <\/span>So, why must sex cells be formed by meiotic division? <\/span>To answer this question, you must first know the key, namely that every living creature has a fixed number of chromosomes.<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n
Meiotic division is important for the process of sexual reproduction.<\/span><\/span><\/p><\/blockquote>\n
From generation to generation, the number of chromosomes in living things never changes. <\/span>For example, humans have long had 46 chromosomes or 23 pairs of chromosomes, mice have 40 chromosomes or 20 pairs, while dolphins have 44 chromosomes or 22 pairs.<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n
A human child is the result of the fusion of sperm cells from the father and egg cells from the mother. <\/span>According to simple logic, a human child should have 92 chromosomes because he gets 46 chromosomes from his father and 46 chromosomes from his mother. <\/span>But, the facts are not like that. <\/span>A human child still has 46 chromosomes even if he has two parents with 46 chromosomes. <\/span>This is where the function of meiotic division is needed.<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n
Also Read: <\/span><\/span><\/strong><\/span>What is a Cell Membrane in Plants? Definitions and Functions You Need to Know<\/a><\/strong><\/span><\/pre>\n
With this division, the father’s and mother’s chromosomes will be divided so that children born from the fusion of sperm cells and egg cells have the same number of chromosomes as humans in general, namely 46 chromosomes.<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n
So, in conclusion, meiosis plays an important role in the survival of every living creature that reproduces. <\/span>Through this division, the number of chromosomes will not change from one generation to the next. <\/span>On the other hand, meiosis division also causes you to have similarities with your parents and siblings but still have differences.<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n
<\/span>Meiosis Division Stages<\/span><\/span><\/h2>\n
Meiosis cell division occurs twice, namely meiosis I and meiosis II. <\/span>Well, in each phase there are 4 different stages, namely prophase, metaphase, anaphase and telophase.<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n
Meiotic division allows genetic recombination to occur, namely the transfer of genetic material from one chromosome to another.<\/span><\/span><\/p><\/blockquote>\n
<\/span>Meiosis I<\/h3>\n
\"\"<\/p>\n
source.belajar.kemdikbud.go.id<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<\/div>\n
<\/span>Prophase I<\/span><\/span><\/h4>\n
You need to know that in this prophase there are five subphases consisting of leptotene, zygotene, pachytene, diplotene, and also diakinesis.<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n
<\/span>In Leptote<\/span><\/span><\/b><\/h5>\n
Leptotene is the stage when leptotene chromatin becomes denser (condensation) and turns into chromosomes.<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n
<\/span>Zigoten<\/span><\/span><\/b><\/h5>\n
Zygotene is a process that occurs after the leptotene process is complete. <\/span>In this phase, the chromosomes will form synapses which then pair with their homologues.<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n
<\/span>Get sick<\/span><\/span><\/b><\/h3>\n
Pachytene is the phase when the chromosome arms double. <\/span>After that, these double chromosomes will form a chiasma or crossing over area for the homologous chromosome pair.<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n
<\/span>Diplotene<\/span><\/span><\/b><\/h5>\n
In the diplotene stage, chromosome recombination occurs due to the process of chromatids crossing over at the chiasma.<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n
<\/span>Diakinesis<\/span><\/span><\/b><\/h5>\n
In this final phase, the centrosome will split into two centrioles and the nuclear membrane will become blocked. <\/span>Centrioles themselves are components in cells whose job is to attract chromosomes.<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n
Later, the two centrioles produced from this division will move towards each pole. <\/span>When the diakinesis phase has ended, the prophase stage of meiosis 1 division can be said to be complete.<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n
\"\"<\/p>\n
source.belajar.kemdikbud.go.id<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<\/div>\n
So in short, prophase 1 begins with chromatin condensation. <\/span>However, different from the prophase phase found in mitosis, in meiotic prophase the attachment of two homologous chromosomes occurs.<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n
These attachments will then form a tetrad. <\/span>Then crossing over will occur in the chiasmata which is the meeting place between the two chromosomes. <\/span>This crossing over process results in differences in genetic characteristics from the parent cells.<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n
This process is carried out so that the new cells produced have the best quality chromosomes. <\/span>Examples include short and pug or tall and sharp. <\/span>After that, characteristics appear such as the centromere moving towards the poles, spindles appearing, the nuclear membrane and nucleus disappearing, and the homologous chromosomes separating slightly.<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n
<\/span>Metaphase I<\/span><\/span><\/h4>\n
Metaphase 1 is the phase when the chromosomes are aligned at the cell equator and all the spindles are attached to the chromosome kinetochores. <\/span>However, in metaphase 1, the chromosomes still have a tetrad shape.<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n
<\/span>Anaphase I<\/span><\/span><\/h4>\n
In anaphase 1, the chromosomes that are approaching the poles only have 2 DNA. <\/span>This happens because all the chromosomes have moved. <\/span>This is different from anaphase in mitosis where each pole gets 4 DNA because only the chromatids move.<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n
<\/span>Telofase I<\/h4>\n
In telophase 1 cell division occurs so that each cell which initially had 4 DNA becomes only 2 DNA. <\/span>In the process, parts of the cell nucleus are formed again with a different chromosome arrangement.<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n
<\/span>Meiosis II<\/span><\/span><\/h3>\n
\"\"<\/p>\n
source.belajar.kemdikbud.go.id<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<\/div>\n
<\/span>Prophase II<\/span><\/span><\/h4>\n
After telophase 1 is complete, the process continues to the second division stage. <\/span>The process itself begins with the spindle appearing and the chromosomes starting to move closer to the equator.<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n
Meiotic division also occurs in the process of forming gametes, namely egg cells and sperm cells.<\/span><\/span><\/p><\/blockquote>\n
<\/span>Metaphase II<\/span><\/span><\/h4>\n
In metaphase II, the two chromosomes are aligned at the equator and the spindle fibers are attached to the kinetochore.<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n
<\/span>Anaphase II<\/span><\/span><\/h4>\n
In anaphase II, sister chromatids that have the same genetic characteristics will also move towards the centromere via the spindle thread pathway. <\/span>In this division, the same number of equational divisions occurs.<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n
So, in contrast to Anaphase I, where the number of chromosomes is reduced by half, in Anaphase II, the number of chromosomes remains, namely 2 DNA or haploid.<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n
<\/span>Telophase II<\/span><\/span><\/h4>\n
After the division process at this last stage, the situation will be like this:<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n