{"id":245,"date":"2022-10-06T15:06:14","date_gmt":"2022-10-06T15:06:14","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/mudabicara.com\/en\/?p=245"},"modified":"2022-10-08T00:37:29","modified_gmt":"2022-10-08T00:37:29","slug":"what-is-fascism-definition-and-characteristics","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/mudabicara.com\/en\/what-is-fascism-definition-and-characteristics\/","title":{"rendered":"What is Fascism? Definition and Characteristics"},"content":{"rendered":"

Mudabicara.com_<\/span><\/span><\/strong> Fascism is not a foreign word for those who study <\/span><\/span>the political system<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/a> . <\/span>At first this understanding was only an ultranationalist action movement under the leadership of an Italian youth named Benito Mussolini.<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

But did you know that this understanding has become a political pattern in various countries in Europe. <\/span>Even now, fascism is the most avoided form of political ideology because it creates <\/span><\/span>a<\/span><\/span><\/a> dictatorial political system<\/span><\/span><\/a><\/span>.<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

Now! <\/span>This time, <\/span><\/span>Mudabicara<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/a>\u00a0 wants to review what fascism is. <\/span>For more, see the following reviews:<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

A Brief History of Fascism<\/span><\/span><\/h2>\n

Reporting from historia.id the birth of fascism was caused by the state of the economic crisis in Italy. <\/span>At that time, as the victorious country of the war, Italy experienced an economic crisis with the amount of debt piling up.<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

READ ALSO: Dictator Political System, Definition, Kinds and Characteristics<\/span><\/span><\/strong><\/span><\/a><\/pre>\n
The economic crisis that hit resulted in people not having a job alias unemployed. <\/span>The situation got worse when the Lo Stivale country did not get a part of the colonies in North Africa.<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n
It was at this critical moment that the figure of Benito Mussolini came to offer various narratives of change. <\/span>As a socialist party leader and editor-in-chief of the <\/span><\/span>Avanti<\/span><\/span><\/em> newspaper , Mussolini’s movement quickly spread massively.<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n
Fasci d Azione Rivoluzionare<\/span><\/span><\/em> is a term which means a group of young people who want war. <\/span>That’s why a lot of young people who gathered in Milan wearing all black and cash styles raised their right hands in the air.<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n
Based on historical records, the peak of fascism’s glory can be marked from the expansion of Adoft Hitler to various countries in Europe in 1939.<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n
Besides Benito Mussolini and Adoft Hitler, there were several leaders who also adopted fascism as the basis of their leadership, including Francisco Franco from Spain, Hideki Tojo from Japan, Ioannis Metaxas from Greece, and finally Ferenc Szalasi from Hungary.<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n
READ ALSO: Definition of Government System, Types and Examples<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/strong><\/a><\/pre>\n
They were all state leaders in their time who used the narrative of fascism ideology as a basis for leadership.<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n
What is Fascism?<\/span><\/span><\/h2>\n
In 1919 the term fascist first emerged from a young figure in the Italian Socialist Party named Benito Mussolini. <\/span>The word fascism itself comes from the Latin word fasses which means glory.<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n
Fasses is a symbol of a judge in Roman times. <\/span>It manifests in a clump of sticks tied to an ax or ax-edged wooden stick.<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n
While in terms of terminology, fascism is an attitude of nationalism that is too high or excessive. <\/span>People who understand fascism will promote their own group and with jumawa will degrade other groups.<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n
Countries that have a radical attitude of nationalist ideology like this usually adhere <\/span><\/span>to a totalitarian political<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/a> system or <\/span><\/span>an authoritarian political system.<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/a><\/p>\n
READ ALSO: 10 Benefits of Learning Politics for Young People<\/span><\/span><\/strong><\/span><\/a><\/pre>\n
Fascism itself can also be interpreted as an ideology that is anti-democratic, liberal, parliamentary, proletarian and even communism.<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n
According to the Big Indonesian Dictionary (KBBI) fascism is a government ideology that runs absolutely and firmly. <\/span>Usually led by someone with a charismatic leadership style.<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n
Or in other words, fascism is a principle of government that adheres to the ideology of extreme nationalism that uses <\/span><\/span>an authoritarian government system<\/span><\/span><\/span> .<\/span><\/span><\/a><\/p>\n
Based on the book <\/span><\/span>Communication Propaganda: An Introduction<\/span><\/span><\/em> (2017) by Muhajir Affandi, fascism is a radical movement of political authoritarian nationalist ideology. <\/span>This ideology seeks to regulate a nation in a corporate perspective, both economic and political systems.<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n
Initially, fascism emerged during the Industrial Revolution in the range of 1760-1850 in the form of syndicaism. <\/span>So it is not surprising that fascism was born in countries experiencing industrialization.<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n
Meanwhile, according to a book entitled <\/span><\/span>Fascism,\u00a0<\/span><\/span><\/em> fascism is a unique combination of various theories, both radical and reactionary.<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n
For example in radical theory which includes several ideas about social, economic, religion, race and morality. <\/span>Therefore, even though they both adhere to the ideology of fascism, in practice they have different faces.<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n
Features of Fascism<\/span><\/span><\/h2>\n
An American thinker William Ebenstein in his book entitled <\/span><\/span>Isms Shaking the World (2006)<\/span><\/span><\/em> provides an explanation of the seven main elements of fascism, including:<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n
1. Behavioral Patterns Based on Violence and Lies<\/span><\/span><\/h3>\n
In running a government system, a leader who understands fascism will prioritize violence in solving problems.<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n
If there is a conflict or even criticism, the authorities do not hesitate to eliminate and destroy the person, either individually or in groups.<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n
2. Government Rulers Come From Elite Group<\/span><\/span><\/h3>\n
Basically the leadership style of fascism is a dictatorial leadership style because the government is only filled by a few elite people who have power.<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n
These few elites are able to understand what the people want. <\/span>Even if there is a difference of opinion then what applies and must be followed is the order of the ruler.<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n
3. Nationally Centered Strength<\/span><\/span><\/h3>\n
In government, the state has a total control over society. <\/span>This system requires all citizens to give their rights fully to the interests of the state.<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n
According to the Constitutional Rights Foundation, the fascist regime has strong resources through state structures and infrastructure to carry out centralism.<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n
4. The existence of totalitarianism<\/span><\/span><\/h3>\n
The totalitarian system eliminates opposition and criticism, even in achieving the goals of the rulers, they do not hesitate to take action to get rid of the rioters in the interests of the state.<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n
Political opportunities are not open to anyone except those who are able to access power and government. <\/span>There is zero tolerance for critics of the government’s status quo.<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n
5. Dictatorship<\/span><\/span><\/h3>\n
All forms of decisions and policies only through a leader. <\/span>The public does not have the opportunity to provide input or opinions.<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n
However, what is important is that in this system a leader has good charisma so that people will obey and obey.<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n
6. Don’t Believe In Reason<\/span><\/span><\/h3>\n
All forms of critical thinking become deadlocked because the source of public knowledge comes from fanatical doctrinal sources.<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n
7. Corporatism<\/span><\/span><\/h3>\n
The state has the power to fully control the economy although in practice the state still provides opportunities for private ownership.<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n
Economic control comes from factory owners and workers and when there is an act of demonstration through a work strike, it is an act against power and is illegal.<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n
8. Denial of Humanity<\/span><\/span><\/h3>\n
The purpose of the denial of humanity is that for a fascist human inequality is the starting point that encourages the emergence of idealism. <\/span>The analogy is that if they are not their nation, they are part of their enemy.<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n
9. Extreme Nationalism<\/span><\/span><\/h3>\n
Extreme Nationalism can mean too much fanaticism for national glory and interests to make people loyal to the interests of the state.<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n
Usually this extreme nationalism is wrapped in threats so that people are afraid and easy to be controlled by the government.<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n
10. Against International Law and Order<\/span><\/span><\/h3>\n
History has recorded what <\/span><\/span>Adoft Hitler did<\/span><\/span><\/a> <\/span> to prove that fascism does not care about international law and order.<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n
For example, the liberalism approach in international relations tries to create a cooperation scheme between countries in order to create a parallel and peaceful communication pattern. <\/span>So fascism rejects it because for fascists equality is the main source of problems.<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n
11. Racism And Imperialism<\/span><\/span><\/h3>\n
For tribes or nations that have more elites and have broad community support, they will have legality in controlling violence against the community.<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n
Hitler as the ruler of Germany at that time received public support by glorifying the Aryan race and making the Jews the main enemy. <\/span>Nazi Germany collectively called for the supremacy of the Aryan race.<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n
12. Superiority<\/span><\/span><\/h3>\n
Feeling superior and better than other nations and groups is one of the characteristics of fascism. <\/span>Superiority appears when they are able to dominate dominantly and are able to accommodate all elite interests.<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n
When you feel superior, persecuting minority groups is a natural and normal thing.<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n
13. Militarism and Imperialism<\/span><\/span><\/h3>\n
The imperialism narrative is that a strong country will become big and powerful when it is able to conquer small and weak countries. <\/span>Meanwhile, fascism puts its strength as fuel through militarism.<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n
Fascist countries that have a strong military then they are ready to carry out expansion and war with the surrounding countries.<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n
The militarism movement of Nazi Germany to expand Europe is evidence of the history of the emergence of World War 2, whose initial problem was fascism.<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n
Now! <\/span>here’s a glimpse of the understanding of fascism and its characteristics, keep learning young friends talk, wait for the next article!<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"
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