{"id":84,"date":"2022-07-23T00:53:52","date_gmt":"2022-07-23T00:53:52","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/mudabicara.com\/en\/?p=84"},"modified":"2022-07-23T01:26:47","modified_gmt":"2022-07-23T01:26:47","slug":"biography-and-works-of-karl-marx","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/mudabicara.com\/en\/biography-and-works-of-karl-marx\/","title":{"rendered":"Biography and Works of Karl Marx"},"content":{"rendered":"

Mudabicara.com\u2013<\/span><\/span><\/strong> Hello, Mudabicara<\/a><\/span>, <\/span><\/span>this time we will discuss about Karl Marx. <\/span>Who is this real father of socialism? <\/span><\/span>This one figure is famous for his revolutionary thoughts, especially regarding his socialism and communism. <\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

No wonder he is known as the Father of Socialism and the Founding Father of Communism, along with his friend Friedrich Engels.\u00a0 <\/span><\/span>Karl Marx is a teacher of communism whose teachings are still useful as a system of government in several countries in the world.<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

This can happen, because Marx’s ideas began to show a great influence in the development of the world of work after he died. <\/span>This influence continued to grow after the victory of the Marxist Bolsheviks in the Russian October Revolution.<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

Read Also : Autocratic Political System, Definition, Factors and Characteristics<\/a><\/strong><\/span><\/pre>\n
However, did you know that the figure of Karl Marx is very unique because of his thoughts. <\/span>Even so, in the history of his life, he is famous as a philosopher, sociologist, political economist and social theorist. <\/span>For more, see our review below:<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n
Karl Marx’s Childhood<\/span><\/span><\/h2>\n
Born on May 5, 1818 in the City of Trier, southeastern Germany which was then still part of the Lower Rhine Province, Kingdom of Prussia. <\/span>Marx was born into a Jewish family with a middle-class economic condition.<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n
He is the third of nine children of Heinrich Marx and Henrietta Marx. <\/span>Despite coming from a family of Jewish descent, his father in 1816 decided to baptize him into a Christian at the age of 36.<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n
Heinrich was a fairly successful lawyer in Prussia. <\/span>Marx’s father was also a reform activist of his time. <\/span>His father’s decision to convert to Christianity was because in 1815, there was a law prohibiting Jews from occupying crucial positions in society.<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n
Even so, his father was a Lutheran, not a Catholic which was the main faith in Trier. <\/span>The reason is that Marx’s father was someone with beliefs that equated Protestantism with intellectual freedom.<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n
Karl Marx himself was baptized when he was 6 years old, along with his brothers. <\/span>While his mother was only baptized after his father died.<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n
Read Also : 10 Benefits of Studying Psychology for Young People<\/a><\/strong><\/span><\/pre>\n
Although Trier was famous as one of the Catholic cities in Germany at that time. <\/span>However, the influence of liberal ideas is easier to enter because of its location on the border with France.<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n
Until the age of 12, Karl Marx studied at home. <\/span>However, eventually he continued his education at the Jesuit school, Trier which was then known as the Friedrich-Wilhelm Gymnasium.<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n
Marx attended school for 5 years, from 1830 to 1835. During school, Marx himself was just an ordinary student, like most students in general.<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n
One thing that was unexpected from his new school. <\/span>It turned out that the principal at the time was a friend of his father’s who was a liberal.<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n
The principal of the school is a Kantian who is favored by the Rhinelanders, but is suspected by the authorities. <\/span>Because of the suspicions that exist. <\/span>Eventually the school came under scrutiny and was forced to close in 1832.<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n
The Youth of Karl Marx<\/span><\/span><\/h2>\n
Marx continued his studies at the University of Bonn, Germany. <\/span>He is an active student in academic life on campus but is also known as a rebel.<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n
During the first two semesters, Marx spent his days getting drunk and fighting. <\/span>His father forced Marx to transfer to another, more serious school. <\/span>He transferred to the University of Berlin to study philosophy and law.<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n
It was here that Marx learned about philosophy from GWF Hegel, a professor in Berlin. <\/span>Although initially not so enamored with Hegel’s theory, he was still heavily involved with Hegelian youth groups.<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n
Marx’s friends were Bruno Bauer and Ludwig Feuerbach. <\/span>They usually criticize the problems of political and religious progress at that time.<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n
In 1836, when Marx became more and more eager to get involved politically. <\/span>Marx is secretly engaged to Jenny von Westphalen, a woman from a respectable Trier family who is four years his senior.<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n
Read Also : 10 Benefits of Studying International Relations for Young People<\/a><\/span><\/strong><\/pre>\n
Seeing his son’s behavior, his father rebuked him for not taking the responsibilities of marriage seriously enough, especially since his future wife came from an upper-class family. <\/span>His father also asked Marx to stop his marriage to Jenny.<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n
5 years later, Marx finally received his doctorate from the University of Jena in 1841. Unfortunately, due to radical politics, he did not get a teaching position.<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n
He also turned to look for a new job. <\/span>In 1842, he began working as a journalist, and within 10 months he became editor-in-chief of a liberal newspaper in Cologne, the Rheinische Zeitung.<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n
Not long after, one year later, Marx resigned on March 18, 1843. After his resignation, as a coincidence, the local government ordered the closure of all newspapers starting April 1, 1843.<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n
Three months later, exactly 7 years after Karl Marx was secretly engaged to Jenny von Westphalen. <\/span>In June 1843, Marx married her and in October, they moved to Paris.<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n
Marx’s life in Paris<\/span><\/span><\/h2>\n
In Paris, Marx met Arnold Ruge who was also active in politics. <\/span>They even established a political journal entitled\u00a0 <\/span><\/span>Deutsch-Franz\u00f6sische Jahrb\u00fccher<\/span><\/span><\/em> . <\/span>Unfortunately, both have different philosophies from each other. <\/span>Even so, the journal actually brought Marx with Friedrich Engels in August 1844 in a famous Parisian cafe at that time. <\/span>Bringing them together as collaborators and lifelong friends.<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n
Friedrich Engels was the son of a textile factory owner who became a socialist and criticized the living conditions faced by working class people. <\/span>Much of Marx’s pity, the misery of the working class stems from his exposure to Engels as well as his own ideas.<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n
Read Also : Getting to know Auguste Comte\u2019s Three-Stage Law Theory<\/a><\/strong><\/span><\/pre>\n
The two began to write critiques of the philosopher Bruno Bauer, a Young Hegelian and a former friend of Marx’s while studying in Berlin. <\/span>The first collaboration between Marx and Engels was published in 1845 as The Holy Family.<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n
That same year, he was caught writing for the radical newspaper Vorw\u00e4rts. <\/span>Marx was expelled from France and moved to Belgium. <\/span>Vorw\u00e4rts itself had strong ties to the organization that became the Communist League.<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n
<\/span>Marx’s life in Brussels<\/span><\/span><\/h2>\n
Change country, change philosophy. <\/span>Karl Marx again met another figure who introduced him to socialism experts, until he completely broke away from Young Hegelian philosophy. <\/span>That figure was Moses Hess.<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n
While in Brussels, Marx wrote\u00a0 <\/span><\/span>The German Ideology<\/span><\/span><\/em> and first developed his theory of historical materialism. <\/span>However, he could not find a publisher willing to publish his work. <\/span>Until his death, the German Ideology manuscript was never published.<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n
Then early in 1846, Marx founded the Communist Correspondence Committee in an attempt to connect socialists from all over Europe. <\/span>Inspired by his ideas, especially from his writings in the radical newspaper Vorw\u00e4rts. <\/span>The socialists in England also held conferences and formed the Communist League.<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n
Read Also : Get to know Ibn Khaldun\u2019s Theory of Social Change<\/a><\/strong><\/span><\/pre>\n
A year later, the Communist League finally convened a centralized meeting in London in 1847. The organization asked Marx and Engels to write\u00a0 the <\/span><\/span>Manifest der Kommunistischen Partei<\/span><\/span><\/em> \u00a0(Manifesto of the Communist Party) which was published in 1848.<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n
Again, in 1849 Marx was expelled from Belgium. <\/span>Anticipating a socialist revolution, he returned to France, but he was also subject to deportation. <\/span>His hometown, Prussia, also refused to naturalize Karl Marx. <\/span>He eventually moved to London. <\/span>Although England denied him citizenship, Marx remained in London until his death.<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n
Marx’s life in London<\/span><\/span><\/h2>\n
Although not a good new start. <\/span>In London, Marx helped found the German Workers’ Educational Society and the new headquarters of the Communist League.<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n
He continued to work as a journalist, including a 10-year stint as a correspondent for the New York Daily Tribune from 1852 to 1862. However, he never earned a decent wage and was largely supported by Engels. <\/span>Marx became increasingly focused on capitalism and economic theory, until in 1867, he published the first volume of Das Kapital.<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n
He spent the rest of his life writing and revising manuscripts for additional volumes of Das Kapital, which were not completed. <\/span>The remaining two volumes were collected and published posthumously by Engels.<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n
Read Also : 7 Principles How to Treat People Right<\/a><\/span><\/strong><\/pre>\n
The Works of Karl Marx during his Life<\/span><\/span><\/h2>\n
During his lifetime, even though Karl Marx from year to year experienced deportation from various countries. <\/span>He still regularly writes down his thoughts and publishes them through journals, the newspaper where he works, to publishing a book.<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n
Not infrequently Karl Marx also worked with his friend, Friedrich Engels. <\/span>The following are some of the important works of Karl Marx himself and the work with Engels.<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n