Mudabicara.com_ The monarchical system of government is one of the oldest forms of political system in the world. This system of government places the king as the leader so that the monarchical system of government is also known as the royal system.
But do you know that the monarchical government system is divided into several types and has their own characteristics. Well, be curious! what is a monarchical system of government?
For more details, see the explanation of the monarchical system of government, its meaning, types and characteristics below.
Also read: Definition of the Government System, Types and Examples
Understanding the Monarchy System of Government
In the history of human civilization, the monarchical system of government is one of the systems of government that initially appeared almost simultaneously with the despotism system of government.
This system of government has the authority of power in a king or queen and there is no division of power as in a democratic political system .
This means that in this system of government sovereignty is given to one person and that one person functions as the head of state as well as having the highest authority in power.
According to the Big Indonesian Dictionary (KBBI), a monarchical system of government is a form of government led by a king or queen.
Whereas in Britannica the definition of a monarchical political system is a form of government led by a king as head of state based on family or group closeness.
At first monarch meant king and over time this monarch was adopted as a way to manage the country by placing the king as the dominant ruler in the system of government.
There are two ways to determine a monarch, namely the elective monarch and the hereditary monarch. Further the following explanation.
Read Also : Despotism Government System, Definition and Characteristics
The Mechanism of Election of Leaders in a Monarchic Government System
1. Elective Monarch
Under the elective monarch, a monarchical system of government gains power through an electoral process. Elections are carried out by a small elite within the country.
Some examples of granting legitimacy to power through an elective monarch are the Pope in the Vatican. The granting of powers usually begins with an election by the Council of Cardinals.
2. Hereditary Monarch
Under the hereditary monarch, the monarchical system of government gains power through lineage. This is the most common mechanism in a monarchical system where the legitimacy of power is based on lineage.
However, there are various records that if a king or queen does not have male offspring, then the power will fall to a male relative or cousin.
Types of Monarchic Government Systems
In practice there are several types of monarchical government systems, among others, constitutional monarchy, absolute monarchy and parliamentary monarchy.
1. Constitutional Monarchy
A constitutional monarchy is a type of monarchical system of government in which the government has a parliament. The duties and functions of parliament through the command of the prime minister are to run the wheels of government and make various laws and regulations.
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A king or queen in a constitutional monarchy remains the head of state but their powers and desires are limited by a statutory constitution.
Some political scientists call a constitutional monarchy a limited monarchy because of the existence of a government body, namely the parliament.
In a constitutional monarchy, the king who acts as head of state has the privilege of keeping some things sacred in the state system.
Although some others argue in a constitutional monarchy the king is just a puppet of the parliament and even the prime minister.
Even though he has executive power, a king has rules in terms of acting because all forms of political practice in the country are controlled by the prime minister. So the common term for a constitutional monarchy is a limited monarchy.
For example, Denmark has a queen named Margrethe II as head of state, but the government is run by the prime minister through municipalities or local governments.
Another example of a country that exercises a constitutional monarchy is the United Kingdom with its prime minister Rishi Sunak and a new child king of Queen Elizabeth named King Charles III .
Several countries that implement a constitutional monarchy government system include the European continent of Luxembourg, Liechtenstein, Sweden, Belgium, Norway, Denmark, England, the Netherlands, Spain and Monaco.
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Several countries in the Asian continent such as Japan, Bahrain, Bhutan, Brunei, Cambodia, Thailand, Malaysia, Jordan. While on the African continent there are Kuwait, United Arab Emirates, Morocco, Lesotho. There are also the countries of Samoa and Tonga which are in Oceania.
2. Monarchy Absolute
In an absolute monarchy, a king or queen has absolute power. Absolute here means that the king or queen has freedom and impunity.
In contrast to a constitutional monarchy which has legal limitations in its power, in an absolute monarchy system, a king has freedom.
Even a state’s policies and decisions are sometimes only based on orders and words from a king or queen.
In an absolute monarchy, the mechanism of leadership is obtained through hereditary monarchs, which means that power is obtained based on lineage.
In the absence of special rules or constitutions, the implementation of the state, both legislative and judicial, is based on direct orders from the king.
Appointment by decree of the king does not have permanent legal certainty so that the king can change suddenly according to the wishes of the king.
In the context of ownership, all property, both buildings and land, belong to a king or queen. Usually in absolute monarchies the color of the country has complete trust in a king.
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The king is a figure who needs to be respected from birth and all forms of decisions and policies must be carried out properly and correctly.
For example, Saudi Arabia has a king named Salman bin Abdulaziz al-Saud. King Salman is the seventh king in Saudi Arabia and he has been in power for generations.
Some countries that implement absolute monarchy are Brunei Darussalam, Oman, Saudi Arabia, Swaziland, Eswatini, Qatar and the Vatican City.
All forms of policy and political decisions in an absolute government system originate from the decree of a king. There is no mechanism in terms of dismissing the king even though the king made a mistake in the implementation of the state.
3. Parliamentary Monarchy
In various opinions, the parliamentary monarchy system of government is almost the same as the constitutional monarchy system of government.
Therefore, public opinion only divides the monarchical system of government into two main parts, namely the constitutional monarchy system and the absolute monarchy system.
Parliamentary monarchy itself is a system of government in which the king is the head of the state and the executor of the state is the prime minister.
Read Also : Autocratic Political System, Definition, Factors and Characteristics
In a parliamentary system a king or queen is the highest symbol of a country so that the king or queen must be respected.
In the legal clause the king and queen have immunity from law so that the narrative of their position cannot be disturbed by anyone.
While the implementation of the state is carried out by a prime minister and the people’s representative council and individually have responsibilities to both the king and the citizens.
Characteristics of a Monarchic Government System
1. There is a King/Queen
In a monarchical system of government, of course there is a king or queen as the head of state and has special powers in terms of state governance.
The absolute executive power makes all forms of policy come from the decisions of the king or queen.
2. There is a Prime Minister
In the system of constitutional monarchy and parliamentary monarchy, the implementation of the state is carried out by the prime minister and the people’s representative council.
3. Unlimited Power Time Span
In a monarchical system a king will be the head of state for the rest of his life so there is no clear time limit. As long as he is still able to carry out his functions and duties, then as long as he is leading.
Now! That’s the explanation about the monarchical government system this time, don’t forget to read the young article talking about other political systems.
See you young friends talk!!!